Windows10+VS2022下pip安装glpk库失败求助

问题描述 #

在Windows10搭配Visual Studio2022环境中，使用pip install glpk时触发编译错误，核心问题是编译阶段找不到glpk.h头文件，导致cl.exe执行失败（退出码2）。已尝试设置环境变量、运行Build_WinGLPK.bat、安装VS Build Tools，均未解决。

报错日志 #

Collecting glpk
  Using cached glpk-0.4.7.tar.gz (161 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
  Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml) ... done
Building wheels for collected packages: glpk
  Building wheel for glpk (pyproject.toml) ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Building wheel for glpk (pyproject.toml) 运行失败。
  │ 退出代码: 1
  ╰─> [15行输出]
      WARNING setuptools_scm.pyproject_reading toml section missing 'pyproject.toml does not contain a tool.setuptools_scm section'
      running bdist_wheel
      running build
      running build_ext
      building 'glpk' extension
      creating build
      creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-38
      creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-38\Release
      creating build\temp.win-amd64-cpython-38\Release\src
      "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Professional\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.38.33130\bin\HostX86\x64\cl.exe" /c /nologo /O2 /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -DVERSION_NUMBER=\"\\\"0.4.7\\\"\" -IC:\Users\Usuario\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\include -IC:\Users\Usuario\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\Include "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Professional\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.38.33130\include" "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Professional\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.38.33130\ATLMFC\include" "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Professional\VC\Auxiliary\VS\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.22621.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\winrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\cppwinrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\NETFXSDK\4.8\include\um" /Tcsrc\2to3.c /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-cpython-38\Release\src\2to3.obj
      2to3.c
      "C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Professional\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.38.33130\bin\HostX86\x64\cl.exe" /c /nologo /O2 /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -DVERSION_NUMBER=\"\\\"0.4.7\\\"\" -IC:\Users\Usuario\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\include -IC:\Users\Usuario\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\Include "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Professional\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.38.33130\include" "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Professional\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.38.33130\ATLMFC\include" "-IC:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Professional\VC\Auxiliary\VS\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.22621.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\winrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\\include\10.0.22621.0\\cppwinrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\NETFXSDK\4.8\include\um" /Tcsrc\bar.c /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-cpython-38\Release\src\bar.obj
      bar.c
      C:\Users\Usuario\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-xq3sgfl_\glpk_043a1a1afc3a47829afe531f4144f1f0\src\lp.h(24): 致命错误 C1083: 无法打开包含文件: 'glpk.h': 没有这样的文件或目录
      error: command 'C:\\Program Files\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2022\\Professional\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.38.33130\\bin\\HostX86\\x64\\cl.exe' 执行失败，退出码 2
      [输出结束]

  note: 此错误来自子进程，并非pip本身问题。
  ERROR: Failed building wheel for glpk
Failed to build glpk
ERROR: 无法为glpk构建wheel，这是安装基于pyproject.toml的项目所必需的

解决步骤 #

1. 手动安装GLPK二进制库 #

pip编译glpk需要依赖系统已安装的GLPK原生库，先手动部署：

• 下载对应x64版本的GLPK预编译包，解压到C:\GLPK（路径固定，避免空格或特殊字符）
• 确认解压后目录结构：C:\GLPK\include下有glpk.h，C:\GLPK\lib下有glpk.lib

2. 加载VS编译环境并配置变量 #

不要用普通CMD，必须打开x64 Native Tools Command Prompt for VS 2022（开始菜单搜索即可找到），然后执行：

set GLPK_INCLUDE_DIR=C:\GLPK\include
set GLPK_LIB_DIR=C:\GLPK\lib

3. 重新执行pip安装 #

在同一个命令行窗口中运行：

pip install glpk

4. 备选：直接用预编译wheel包 #

如果还是编译失败，跳过编译步骤，直接安装第三方预编译的wheel：

• 确认你的Python版本（比如3.8）和系统位数（x64）
• 下载对应版本的.whl文件，执行pip install 你的wheel文件名.whl

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Norberto Tissera