如何在GitHub Action中正确传递package.json版本作为环境变量？

问题场景 #

我有一个GitHub Action工作流用于构建和发布Chocolatey包，工作流代码如下：

on: push

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: windows-2022
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - name: Cache Tools
        uses: actions/cache@v3.0.11
        with:
          path: tools
          key: ${{ runner.os }}-cache
      - name: Install Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: 20.10.x
      - name: Choco pack
        run: choco pack task.nuspec
      - name: LS
        run: dir .
      - name: Set PACKAGE_VERSION
        id: version
        run: echo "PACKAGE_VERSION=$(node -p "require('./package.json').version")" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
      - name: Choco install
        env:
          PACKAGE_VERSION: ${{ steps.version.outputs.PACKAGE_VERSION }}
        run:
          choco install task.${{ steps.version.outputs.PACKAGE_VERSION }}.nupkg
      - name: Choco set api key
        env:
          CHOCOLATEY_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.CHOCOLATEY_API_KEY }}
        run:
          choco apikey --key $CHOCOLATEY_API_KEY --source https://push.chocolatey.org/
      - name: Choco publish
        env:
          PACKAGE_VERSION: ${{ steps.version.outputs.PACKAGE_VERSION }}
        run:
          choco push task.${{ env.PACKAGE_VERSION }}.nupkg --source https://push.chocolatey.org/

执行时Choco install步骤报错，日志显示：

Run choco install task..nupkg
Chocolatey v2.2.2
Package name cannot point directly to a local, or remote file. Please use the --source argument and point it to a local file directory, UNC directory path or a NuGet feed instead.
Error: Process completed with exit code 1.

仓库根目录的package.json包含正确版本号：

{
  "version": "0.0.2",
  ...
}

本地执行node -p "require('./package.json').version"能正确返回0.0.2，但在Action中版本号未正确传递，生成了空版本号的task..nupkg。

尝试过的无效写法 #

我试了三种变量传递方式，均失败：

• 写法一：直接引用step输出，仍生成空版本号

  - name: Choco install
    env:
      PACKAGE_VERSION: ${{ steps.version.outputs.PACKAGE_VERSION }}
    run:
      choco install task.${{ steps.version.outputs.PACKAGE_VERSION }}.nupkg
  

• 写法二：直接使用环境变量，PowerShell未解析变量，字面执行命令

  - name: Choco install
    env:
      PACKAGE_VERSION: ${{ steps.version.outputs.PACKAGE_VERSION }}
    run:
      choco install task.$PACKAGE_VERSION.nupkg
  

• 写法三：引用env中的变量，仍生成空版本号

  - name: Choco install
    env:
      PACKAGE_VERSION: ${{ steps.version.outputs.PACKAGE_VERSION }}
    run:
      choco install task.${{ env.PACKAGE_VERSION }}.nupkg
  

问题原因 #

1. Shell兼容性问题：Windows runner默认使用PowerShell，原步骤中bash风格的echo >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT写法无法在PowerShell中正确写入输出变量，导致steps.version.outputs.PACKAGE_VERSION为空。
2. Chocolatey命令用法错误：Chocolatey不允许在install命令后直接指定本地nupkg文件路径，必须通过--source参数指向本地目录。

解决方案 #

方案一：修正版本号输出（适配PowerShell） #

将Set PACKAGE_VERSION步骤改为PowerShell兼容写法，同时修正Choco install的命令格式：

- name: Set PACKAGE_VERSION
  id: version
  shell: pwsh
  run: |
    $version = node -p "require('./package.json').version"
    Write-Output "PACKAGE_VERSION=$version" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_OUTPUT -Append -Encoding utf8

- name: Choco install
  run: |
    choco install task --version ${{ steps.version.outputs.PACKAGE_VERSION }} --source .

方案二：直接从nuspec读取版本（无需Node.js） #

如果task.nuspec中已定义版本，可直接用Chocolatey命令提取，省去Node.js依赖：

- name: Set PACKAGE_VERSION
  id: version
  shell: pwsh
  run: |
    $version = choco pack task.nuspec --output-directory . --what-if | Select-String -Pattern "Creating package '.*\.(\d+\.\d+\.\d+)\.nupkg'" | ForEach-Object { $_.Matches.Groups[1].Value }
    Write-Output "PACKAGE_VERSION=$version" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_OUTPUT -Append -Encoding utf8

# 后续install和push步骤调整为正确格式
- name: Choco install
  run: choco install task --version ${{ steps.version.outputs.PACKAGE_VERSION }} --source .

- name: Choco publish
  run: choco push task.${{ steps.version.outputs.PACKAGE_VERSION }}.nupkg --source https://push.chocolatey.org/

修改后的完整工作流示例 #

on: push

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: windows-2022
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - name: Cache Tools
        uses: actions/cache@v3.0.11
        with:
          path: tools
          key: ${{ runner.os }}-cache
      - name: Install Node.js（从package.json取版本时保留）
        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: 20.10.x
      - name: Choco pack
        run: choco pack task.nuspec
      - name: Set PACKAGE_VERSION
        id: version
        shell: pwsh
        run: |
          $version = node -p "require('./package.json').version"
          Write-Output "PACKAGE_VERSION=$version" | Out-File -FilePath $env:GITHUB_OUTPUT -Append -Encoding utf8
      - name: Choco install
        run: choco install task --version ${{ steps.version.outputs.PACKAGE_VERSION }} --source .
      - name: Choco set api key
        env:
          CHOCOLATEY_API_KEY: ${{ secrets.CHOCOLATEY_API_KEY }}
        run: choco apikey --key $CHOCOLATEY_API_KEY --source https://push.chocolatey.org/
      - name: Choco publish
        run: choco push task.${{ steps.version.outputs.PACKAGE_VERSION }}.nupkg --source https://push.chocolatey.org/

关键说明 #

• Windows runner中需注意shell差异，建议显式指定shell: pwsh避免歧义，PowerShell的输出和文件操作逻辑与bash不同。
• Chocolatey安装本地包的正确用法是指定包名+版本+本地目录源，而非直接指定nupkg文件路径。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Lance Pollard