已在Gradle中引入spring-jdbc仍遇JdbcTransactionManager类未找到异常

在JDK 8环境中使用Spring版本5.2.3.RELEASE时，运行出现以下错误：

Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to introspect Class ... ...
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/springframework/jdbc/support/JdbcTransactionManager

尽管已在build.gradle中声明spring-jdbc依赖：

implementation group: 'org.springframework', name: 'spring-jdbc', version: springframeworkVersion

完整的build.gradle配置如下：

plugins {
    id 'java'
    id 'org.springframework.boot' version '2.7.5'
    id 'io.spring.dependency-management' version '1.0.11.RELEASE'
}
group = 'org.temp'
version = ''
repositories {
    maven {
        url 'https://ost1v.enp.aramco.com.sa:8443/repository/maven-central'
        credentials {
            username mavenuser
            password mavenpassword
        }
    }
    maven {
        url 'https://ost1v.enp.aramco.com.sa:8443/repository/maven-jcenter'
        credentials {
            username mavenuser
            password mavenpassword
        }
    }
    maven {
        url 'https://ost1v.enp.aramco.com.sa:8443/repository/maven-releases'
        credentials {
            username mavenuser
            password mavenpassword
        }
    }
    maven {
        url 'https://ost1v.enp.aramco.com.sa:8443/repository/maven-jaspersoft-3rd-party-ce'
        credentials {
            username mavenuser
            password mavenpassword
        }
    }
}
ext {
    slf4jVersion = '1.7.25'
    logbackVersion = '1.3.0-alpha10'
    jacksonDatabindVersion = '2.11.1'  //2.10.1, change it to 2.12.6
    springframeworkVersion = '5.3.23'
    //springframeworkVersion = '5.2.3.RELEASE' - This was commented to fix the problem
    //springSecurityVersion = '5.3.8.RELEASE'
    springSecurityVersion = '5.3.3.RELEASE'
    mybatisVersion = '3.5.6'
    mybatisJsr310 = '1.0.2'
    mybatisSpringVersion = '1.3.2'
    oracleJdbcVersion = '19.3.0.0'
    oracleSpatialVersion = '12.1.0.2'
    oracleXdbVersion = '12.2.1.2'
    lombokVersion = '1.16.20'
    commonsCollectionsVersion = '4.1'
    commonsIOVersion = '2.7'
    commonsLangVersion = '3.7'
    commonsFileuploadVersion = '1.4'
    commonsHttpclientVersion = '4.5.10'
    commonsExecVersion = '1.3'
    commonsBeanutilsVersion = '1.9.4'
    junitVersion = '4.12'
    mockitoVersion = '2.16.0'
    powermockVersion = '1.7.3'
    jasyptVersion = '1.9.2'
    hamcrestVersion = '1.3'
    bouncyCastleVersion = '1.64'
    //tokenServiceVersion = '2.0'
    tokenServiceVersion = '1.6-SNAPSHOT'
    jsonPathVersion = '2.4.0'
    geotoolsVersion = '18.2'
    itextVersion = '2.1.7.js4'
    jasperReportsVersion = '6.12.2'
    batikVersion = '1.13'
    fopVersion = '2.2'
    javaxMail = '1.5.6'
    freeMarker = '2.3.28'
    subethamail = '3.1.7'
}
configurations {
    all {
        exclude group: 'junit', module: 'junit'
        exclude group: 'org.junit.vintage', module: 'junit-vintage-engine'
    }
}
dependencies {
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web:2.5.5'
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-aop:2.5.5'
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-security:2.5.5'
    implementation group: 'org.springframework', name: 'spring-jdbc', version: springframeworkVersion
    implementation group:  'org.mybatis.spring.boot',name:'mybatis-spring-boot-starter',version:'2.2.2'
    implementation group: 'commons-beanutils', name: 'commons-beanutils', version: commonsBeanutilsVersion
    implementation group: 'org.apache.commons', name: 'commons-collections4', version: commonsCollectionsVersion
    implementation group: 'commons-io', name: 'commons-io', version: commonsIOVersion
    implementation group: 'org.apache.commons', name: 'commons-lang3', version: commonsLangVersion
    implementation group: 'commons-fileupload', name: 'commons-fileupload', version: commonsFileuploadVersion
    implementation group: 'org.apache.commons', name: 'commons-exec', version: commonsExecVersion
    implementation group: 'org.apache.httpcomponents', name: 'httpclient', version: commonsHttpclientVersion
    implementation group: 'com.oracle.ojdbc', name: 'ojdbc8', version: oracleJdbcVersion
    implementation group: 'org.springframework.security', name: 'spring-security-config', version: springSecurityVersion
    // implementation group: 'ch.qos.logback', name: 'logback-classic', version: logbackVersion
    // implementation group: 'ch.qos.logback', name: 'logback-core', version: logbackVersion
    // https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis
    implementation group: 'org.mybatis', name: 'mybatis', version: '3.5.6'
    // https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/net.minidev/json-smart
    //implementation group: 'net.minidev', name: 'json-smart', version: '2.3'
    implementation group: 'org.mybatis', name: 'mybatis-spring', version: '2.0.0'
    implementation group: 'org.projectlombok', name: 'lombok', version: lombokVersion
    implementation group: 'org.bouncycastle', name: 'bcprov-jdk15on', version: bouncyCastleVersion
    implementation group: 'javax.mail', name: 'mail', version: '1.4.5'  // 1.4.5
    compileOnly  fileTree(dir: 'dependencies/documentum/Shared', include: '*.jar')
    testImplementation group: 'junit', name: 'junit', version: junitVersion
    testImplementation group: 'org.springframework', name: 'spring-test', version: springframeworkVersion
    testImplementation group: 'org.subethamail', name: 'subethasmtp', version: subethamail
    testImplementation group: 'org.mockito', name: 'mockito-core', version: mockitoVersion
    testImplementation group: 'org.hamcrest', name: 'hamcrest-library', version: hamcrestVersion
    testImplementation group: 'org.jasypt', name: 'jasypt', version: jasyptVersion
    testImplementation group: 'org.jasypt', name: 'jasypt-spring31', version: jasyptVersion
    //testImplementation group: 'org.springframework.security', name: 'spring-security-test', version: springSecurityVersion
    //implementation group: 'com.github.albfernandez', name: 'itext2', version: '2.1.9'
    implementation group: 'net.sf.jasperreports', name: 'jasperreports', version: '6.12.2'
    testImplementation group: 'com.jayway.jsonpath', name: 'json-path', version: jsonPathVersion
    //compile group: 'com.github.albfernandez', name: 'itext2', version: '2.1.9'
    //compile (group: 'net.sf.jasperreports', name: 'jasperreports', version: '6.7.1') {exclude group: 'com.lowagie', module: "itext"}
}
test {
    useJUnitPlatform()
}

1. 版本兼容性冲突：使用的Spring Boot版本2.7.5默认依赖Spring Framework 5.3.x系列，手动指定springframeworkVersion = '5.2.3.RELEASE'会破坏版本依赖一致性，导致spring-jdbc与其他Spring组件版本不匹配，引发类缺失问题。

2. 依赖管理插件影响：io.spring.dependency-management插件会强制管控Spring相关依赖版本，手动指定的低版本Spring Framework可能未同步到所有关联依赖，造成部分类无法加载。

3. 验证方法：

   • 执行gradle dependencies命令，查看spring-jdbc实际依赖版本，确认是否与指定的5.2.3.RELEASE一致，若不一致说明依赖管理插件覆盖了配置。
   • 检查本地仓库是否存在spring-jdbc-5.2.3.RELEASE.jar，若不存在则说明依赖未正确下载，可能是内部仓库无该版本。

4. 修复步骤：

   • 保持Spring Boot与Spring Framework版本兼容：Spring Boot 2.7.x对应Spring Framework 5.3.x，不要手动降级Spring Framework版本。
   • 若必须使用5.2.3.RELEASE，需将Spring Boot版本降至对应兼容的2.3.x系列，同时同步调整spring-boot-starter-web、spring-boot-starter-security等依赖版本到2.3.x。
   • 清理本地仓库，执行gradle clean build --refresh-dependencies确保依赖正确下载。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者akarahman