集成ASP.NET Identity时Customer类Claims属性非导航属性报错排查

尝试在现有项目中集成ASP.NET Identity，使用Customer表存储用户，Customer类代码如下：

public partial class Customer : IdentityUser<int, CustomerLogin, AspNetRole, CustomerClaim>
{
    [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Usage", "CA2214:DoNotCallOverridableMethodsInConstructors")]
    public Customer()
    {
        this.Quotes = new HashSet<Quote>();
        this.Bookings = new HashSet<Booking>();
        this.CustomerClaims = new HashSet<CustomerClaim>();
        this.CustomerLogins = new HashSet<CustomerLogin>();
        this.AspNetRoles = new HashSet<AspNetRole>();
    }
    [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Usage", "CA2227:CollectionPropertiesShouldBeReadOnly")]
    public async Task<ClaimsIdentity> GenerateUserIdentityAsync(UserManager<Customer, int> manager)
    {
        // Note the authenticationType must match the one defined in CookieAuthenticationOptions.AuthenticationType
        var userIdentity = await manager.CreateIdentityAsync(this, DefaultAuthenticationTypes.ApplicationCookie);
        // Add custom user claims here
        return userIdentity;
    }
    public int Id { get; set; }

    public string Password { get; set; }


    public System.DateTime CreationDate { get; set; }
    public System.DateTime UpdateDate { get; set; }

    public override string UserName { get; set; }
    public override ICollection<CustomerClaim> Claims => this.CustomerClaims;
    public virtual Country Country { get; set; }
    [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Usage", "CA2227:CollectionPropertiesShouldBeReadOnly")]
    public virtual ICollection<Quote> Quotes { get; set; }
    [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Usage", "CA2227:CollectionPropertiesShouldBeReadOnly")]
    public virtual ICollection<Booking> Bookings { get; set; }
    public virtual Location Location { get; set; }
    [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Usage", "CA2227:CollectionPropertiesShouldBeReadOnly")]
    public virtual ICollection<CustomerClaim> CustomerClaims { get; set; }
    [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Usage", "CA2227:CollectionPropertiesShouldBeReadOnly")]
    public virtual ICollection<CustomerLogin> CustomerLogins { get; set; }
    [System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Usage", "CA2227:CollectionPropertiesShouldBeReadOnly")]
    public virtual ICollection<AspNetRole> AspNetRoles { get; set; }
}

首次插入用户成功，但再次插入时触发错误：

The 'Claims' property on the 'Customer' type is not a navigation property. The Reference and Collection methods can only be used with navigation properties. Use the Property or ComplexProperty method.

解决方案 #

问题出在重写的Claims属性上：你使用表达式体（=> this.CustomerClaims）实现了只读属性，EF无法将其识别为合法的导航属性，而ASP.NET Identity内部会尝试将Claims作为导航属性处理，导致重复插入时出错。

修复方法：

• 将Claims属性改为标准的可读写属性，直接关联到CustomerClaims字段：

public override ICollection<CustomerClaim> Claims 
{ 
    get => CustomerClaims; 
    set => CustomerClaims = value; 
}

或者传统写法：

public override ICollection<CustomerClaim> Claims 
{ 
    get { return CustomerClaims; } 
    set { CustomerClaims = value; } 
}

同时检查你的DbContext配置：确保只对CustomerClaims配置导航关系，不要错误地将Claims当作导航属性进行Fluent API配置。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者A.HADDAD