如何用Python的WMI库获取Windows网卡PCI插槽信息并关联

需求说明 #

在Windows系统中，需要查询各物理网络适配器（NIC）对应的PCI插槽位置。已通过PowerShell的Get-WmiObject -class "Win32_SystemSlot"获取PCI插槽信息，Get-NetAdapterHardwareInfo获取网卡硬件信息，但使用Python的wmi库仅能获取网卡基础信息，无法直接关联到PCI插槽，需要通过WMI类关联实现匹配。

已有的PowerShell输出示例 #

获取PCI插槽信息 #

Get-WmiObject -class "Win32_SystemSlot"

输出：

SlotDesignation : PCI1
Tag             : System Slot 0
SupportsHotPlug : False
Status          : OK
Shared          : False
PMESignal       : True
MaxDataWidth    : 8

SlotDesignation : PCI2
Tag             : System Slot 1
SupportsHotPlug : False
Status          : OK
Shared          : False
PMESignal       : True
MaxDataWidth    : 10

获取网卡硬件信息 #

Get-NetAdapterHardwareInfo

输出：

Name                           Segment Bus Device Function Slot NumaNode PcieLinkSpeed PcieLinkWidth Version
----                           ------- --- ------ -------- ---- -------- ------------- ------------- -------
NIC4                                 0   2      0        1             0      5.0 GT/s             1 1.1
NIC1                                 0   1      0        0             0      5.0 GT/s             1 1.1
NIC3                                 0   2      0        0             0      5.0 GT/s             1 1.1
SLOT 2 Port 1                        0  66      0        0    2        1      5.0 GT/s             4 1.1
SLOT 2 Port 2                        0  66      0        1    2        1      5.0 GT/s             4 1.1 

初始Python代码问题 #

以下代码仅能获取网卡制造商等基础信息，无法获取插槽关联数据：

import wmi
c = wmi.WMI()
network = c.Win32_NetworkAdapter()
for adapter in network:
     print(f"Network Adapter: {adapter}")

WMI类实例参考 #

Win32_NetworkAdapter实例数据 #

{
        AdapterType = "Ethernet 802.3";
        AdapterTypeId = 0;
        Availability = 3;
        Caption = "[00000008] Broadcom NetXtreme Gigabit Ethernet";
        ConfigManagerErrorCode = 0;
        ConfigManagerUserConfig = FALSE;
        CreationClassName = "Win32_NetworkAdapter";
        Description = "Broadcom NetXtreme Gigabit Ethernet";
        DeviceID = "8";
        GUID = "{8E574D4E-47A4-408A-B893-D42D569DE9A1}";
        Index = 8;
        Installed = TRUE;
        InterfaceIndex = 9;
        MACAddress = "C8:1F:66:F2:A3:B8";
        Manufacturer = "Broadcom";
        MaxNumberControlled = 0;
        Name = "Broadcom NetXtreme Gigabit Ethernet #4";
        NetConnectionID = "NIC3";
        NetConnectionStatus = 7;
        NetEnabled = FALSE;
        PhysicalAdapter = TRUE;
        PNPDeviceID = "PCI\\VEN_14E4&DEV_165F&SUBSYS_1F5B1028&REV_00\\0000C81F66F2A3B800";
        PowerManagementSupported = FALSE;
        ProductName = "Broadcom NetXtreme Gigabit Ethernet";
        ServiceName = "b57nd60a";
        Speed = "9223372036854775807";
        SystemCreationClassName = "Win32_ComputerSystem";
        SystemName = "WIN-IB3B2171E8I";
        TimeOfLastReset = "20240203222756.500000-480";
};

Win32_SystemSlot实例数据 #

{
        BusNumber = 65535;
        Caption = "System Slot";
        ConnectorType = {0};
        CreationClassName = "Win32_SystemSlot";
        CurrentUsage = 3;
        Description = "System Slot";
        DeviceNumber = 80;
        FunctionNumber = 0;
        MaxDataWidth = 8;
        Name = "System Slot";
        PMESignal = TRUE;
        SegmentGroupNumber = 65535;
        Shared = FALSE;
        SlotDesignation = "PCI1";
        Status = "OK";
        SupportsHotPlug = FALSE;
        Tag = "System Slot 0";
        VccMixedVoltageSupport = {2};
};

关联方案与Python实现 #

核心思路 #

通过SegmentGroupNumber、BusNumber、DeviceNumber、FunctionNumber这组PCI地址编号作为关联键，将Win32_NetworkAdapter（通过关联Win32_PnPEntity和Win32_PCIeDevice）与Win32_SystemSlot进行匹配。

代码实现 #

import wmi

c = wmi.WMI()

# 筛选物理网卡，排除虚拟适配器
physical_adapters = [adapter for adapter in c.Win32_NetworkAdapter() if adapter.PhysicalAdapter]

# 构建PCI地址到插槽名称的映射字典
slot_map = {
    (slot.SegmentGroupNumber, slot.BusNumber, slot.DeviceNumber, slot.FunctionNumber): slot.SlotDesignation
    for slot in c.Win32_SystemSlot()
}

for adapter in physical_adapters:
    # 通过PNPDeviceID关联到Win32_PnPEntity
    pnp_entity = next((pnp for pnp in c.Win32_PnPEntity() if pnp.DeviceID == adapter.PNPDeviceID), None)
    if not pnp_entity:
        print(f"网卡 {adapter.NetConnectionID} ({adapter.Name})：未找到对应PnP实体")
        continue
    
    # 从PnP实体关联到Win32_PCIeDevice，获取PCI地址信息
    pci_devices = pnp_entity.associators(wmi_result_class="Win32_PCIeDevice")
    if not pci_devices:
        print(f"网卡 {adapter.NetConnectionID} ({adapter.Name})：未找到对应PCIe设备信息")
        continue
    
    pci_dev = pci_devices[0]
    pci_key = (pci_dev.SegmentGroupNumber, pci_dev.BusNumber, pci_dev.DeviceNumber, pci_dev.FunctionNumber)
    
    # 查找对应的PCI插槽
    slot_name = slot_map.get(pci_key, "未匹配到插槽")
    print(f"网卡名称：{adapter.NetConnectionID}")
    print(f"网卡描述：{adapter.Name}")
    print(f"PCI地址：Segment={pci_dev.SegmentGroupNumber}, Bus={pci_dev.BusNumber}, Device={pci_dev.DeviceNumber}, Function={pci_dev.FunctionNumber}")
    print(f"对应PCI插槽：{slot_name}\n")

备选方案：直接调用PowerShell命令 #

如果WMI关联存在兼容性问题，可以直接在Python中执行Get-NetAdapterHardwareInfo命令，解析输出结果获取插槽信息：

import subprocess
import json

# 执行PowerShell命令并转为JSON格式便于解析
ps_command = "Get-NetAdapterHardwareInfo | ConvertTo-Json"
result = subprocess.run(
    ["powershell", "-Command", ps_command],
    capture_output=True,
    text=True,
    encoding="utf-8"
)

if result.returncode != 0:
    print(f"命令执行失败：{result.stderr}")
else:
    adapter_data = json.loads(result.stdout)
    for item in adapter_data:
        slot = item.get("Slot", "N/A")
        print(f"网卡名称：{item['Name']}")
        print(f"PCI插槽：{slot}")
        print(f"PCI地址：Segment={item['Segment']}, Bus={item['Bus']}, Device={item['Device']}, Function={item['Function']}\n")

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Deepali Joshi