Python移动文件脚本：如何实现文件名包含/部分匹配？

原脚本通过startswith匹配文件名开头来移动文件，现在需要改为匹配文件名中包含指定内容（如客户号、合同号），且不能用contains方法，该如何修改？

原脚本代码：

import os
import shutil

################# MOVE FILES SCRIPT ############################
# Moving files from one folder to another based on file names starting or ending with input

# Step 1: Source Directory / Folder
movefrom_path = input('Enter the move from path of the directory:') 

# Step 2: Destination Directory / Folder
moveto_path = input("Enter the move to path of the directory:")  

# Step 3: Create folder if it doesn't exist
if not os.path.exists(moveto_path):  
    os.makedirs(moveto_path)
    
# Step 4: What is the name or number we are trying to match (I was searchinng contract number)
filename_match = input("Enter characters of type of file you want to move:") 

# Not working: Does the file start or end with name number we are trying to match 
# starts_ends = input("Enter 'startswith' or 'endswith' with file name match you just entered:")

# Step 5: List all the files in directory with os
entries = os.listdir(movefrom_path)

# Step 6: Run iterate 'for' 'in' loop
for entry in entries:
    # could also you 'startwith' if file name starts instead of ends with input from filename_match
     if entry.startswith(filename_match):
        shutil.move(movefrom_path + entry, moveto_path)
 
print('Done.')

直接使用Python的**成员运算符in**即可实现包含匹配，无需依赖contains方法，同时优化路径拼接避免潜在错误：

修改后的完整代码：

import os
import shutil

################# MOVE FILES SCRIPT ############################
# Moving files from one folder to another based on file names containing the input string

# Step 1: Source Directory / Folder
movefrom_path = input('Enter the move from path of the directory:') 

# Step 2: Destination Directory / Folder
moveto_path = input("Enter the move to path of the directory:")  

# Step 3: Create folder if it doesn't exist
if not os.path.exists(moveto_path):  
    os.makedirs(moveto_path)
    
# Step 4: What is the name or number we are trying to match (e.g., contract number)
filename_match = input("Enter characters of type of file you want to move:") 

# Step 5: List all the files in directory with os
entries = os.listdir(movefrom_path)

# Step 6: Iterate through files and move matches
for entry in entries:
    # Check if the target string is contained anywhere in the filename
     if filename_match in entry:
        # Use os.path.join to safely concatenate paths (avoids missing slashes issues)
        source_full_path = os.path.join(movefrom_path, entry)
        shutil.move(source_full_path, moveto_path)
 
print('Done.')

关键修改说明： #

1. 匹配逻辑变更：将entry.startswith(filename_match)替换为filename_match in entry，只要文件名中包含输入的匹配字符串，就会执行移动操作。
2. 路径拼接优化：用os.path.join()替代直接字符串拼接路径，自动处理不同操作系统的路径分隔符，避免因路径末尾缺少斜杠导致的文件路径错误。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者LakeConstanceCH