执行pip install opencv-contrib-python遇DistutilsPlatformError错误求助

执行pip install opencv-contrib-python命令时安装失败，核心报错信息为：

distutils.errors.DistutilsPlatformError: VC 6.0 is not supported by this module

完整报错日志：

Collecting opencv-contrib-python
  Using cached opencv-contrib-python-4.9.0.80.tar.gz (152.6 MB)
  Installing build dependencies ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  pip subprocess to install build dependencies did not run successfully.
  exit code: 1

  [86 lines of output]
  Ignoring numpy: markers 'python_version == "3.6" and platform_machine != "aarch64" and platform_machine != "arm64"' don't match your environment
  Ignoring numpy: markers 'python_version == "3.7" and platform_machine != "aarch64" and platform_machine != "arm64"' don't match your environment
  Ignoring numpy: markers 'python_version == "3.8" and platform_machine != "aarch64" and platform_machine != "arm64"' don't match your environment
  Ignoring numpy: markers 'python_version <= "3.9" and sys_platform == "linux" and platform_machine == "aarch64"' don't match your environment
  Ignoring numpy: markers 'python_version <= "3.9" and sys_platform == "darwin" and platform_machine == "arm64"' don't match your environment
  Ignoring numpy: markers 'python_version == "3.9" and platform_machine != "aarch64" and platform_machine != "arm64"' don't match your environment
  Ignoring numpy: markers 'python_version == "3.10" and platform_system != "Darwin"' don't match your environment
  Ignoring numpy: markers 'python_version == "3.10" and platform_system == "Darwin"' don't match your environment
  Collecting cmake>=3.1
    Using cached cmake-3.28.1.tar.gz (42 kB)
    Installing build dependencies: started
    Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'done'
    Getting requirements to build wheel: started
    Getting requirements to build wheel: finished with status 'done'
    Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml): started
    Preparing metadata (pyproject.toml): finished with status 'done'
  Collecting numpy==1.22.2
    Using cached numpy-1.22.2.zip (11.4 MB)
    Installing build dependencies: started
    Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'done'
    Getting requirements to build wheel: started
    Getting requirements to build wheel: finished with status 'error'
    error: subprocess-exited-with-error

    Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
    exit code: 1

    [47 lines of output]
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "C:/msys64/mingw64/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 353, in <module>
        main()
      File "C:/msys64/mingw64/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 335, in main
        json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
                                 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "C:/msys64/mingw64/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 112, in get_requires_for_build_wheel
        backend = _build_backend()
                  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "C:/msys64/mingw64/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pyproject_hooks/_in_process/_in_process.py", line 77, in _build_backend
        obj = import_module(mod_path)
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "C:/msys64/mingw64/lib/python3.11/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
        return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1204, in _gcd_import
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1176, in _find_and_load
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1126, in _find_and_load_unlocked
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1204, in _gcd_import
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1176, in _find_and_load
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1147, in _find_and_load_unlocked
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 690, in _load_unlocked
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 944, in exec_module
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
      File "C:/Users/bao15/AppData/Local/Temp/pip-build-env-37yuw_7d/overlay/lib/python3.11/site-packages/setuptools/__init__.py", line 242, in <module>
        monkey.patch_all()
      File "C:/Users/bao15/AppData/Local/Temp/pip-build-env-37yuw_7d/overlay/lib/python3.11/site-packages/setuptools/monkey.py", line 99, in patch_all
        patch_for_msvc_specialized_compiler()
      File "C:/Users/bao15/AppData/Local/Temp/pip-build-env-37yuw_7d/overlay/lib/python3.11/site-packages/setuptools/monkey.py", line 162, in patch_for_msvc_specialized_compiler
        patch_func(*msvc9('find_vcvarsall'))
                    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "C:/Users/bao15/AppData/Local/Temp/pip-build-env-37yuw_7d/overlay/lib/python3.11/site-packages/setuptools/monkey.py", line 149, in patch_params
        mod = import_module(mod_name)
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "C:/msys64/mingw64/lib/python3.11/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
        return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1204, in _gcd_import
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1176, in _find_and_load
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1147, in _find_and_load_unlocked
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 690, in _load_unlocked
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 944, in exec_module
      File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
      File "C:/Users/bao15/AppData/Local/Temp/pip-build-env-37yuw_7d/overlay/lib/python3.11/site-packages/setuptools/_distutils/msvc9compiler.py", line 295, in <module>
        raise DistutilsPlatformError("VC %0.1f is not supported by this module" % VERSION)
    distutils.errors.DistutilsPlatformError: VC 6.0 is not supported by this module
    [end of output]

    note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
  exit code: 1

  See above for output.

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

pip subprocess to install build dependencies did not run successfully.
exit code: 1

See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

原因分析 #

MSYS2环境中的Python在构建依赖包（如numpy）时，错误检测到系统中存在旧版本的VC 6.0编译器，而当前版本的setuptools/distutils不再支持VC 6.0，同时未正确识别并使用MSYS2自带的MinGW编译器。

解决方案 #

方法1：安装预编译二进制包（推荐） #

跳过源码编译，直接安装预编译的兼容版本：

pip install opencv-contrib-python --only-binary :all:

也可以先安装适配Python 3.11的numpy版本，再安装opencv：

pip install numpy>=1.23 opencv-contrib-python

方法2：配置MSYS2使用MinGW编译器 #

1. 打开MSYS2 MinGW 64-bit终端，安装必要的编译工具：

pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pip mingw-w64-x86_64-python-numpy

2. 设置环境变量，强制使用MinGW编译器：

export CC=gcc
export CXX=g++
export DISTUTILS_USE_SDK=1
export MSSdk=1

如果需要永久生效，可将上述命令添加到~/.bashrc文件中。
3. 重新执行安装命令：

pip install opencv-contrib-python

方法3：临时移除VC 6.0相关环境变量 #

如果系统中存在VC 6.0的环境变量，临时移除后再安装：

unset INCLUDE
unset LIB
pip install opencv-contrib-python

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Lucas2306