Flutter Android构建失败：升级Kotlin版本后kotlin-stdlib转换出错

升级项目根目录build.gradle中的kotlin_version到1.9.10后，构建触发如下错误：

ERROR:D8: com.android.tools.r8.kotlin.H

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':app:mergeExtDexDebug'.
> Could not resolve all files for configuration ':app:debugRuntimeClasspath'.
   > Failed to transform kotlin-stdlib-1.9.10.jar (org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.9.10) to match attributes {artifactType=android-dex, asm-transformed-variant=NONE, dexing-enable-desugaring=true, dexing-enable-jacoco-instrumentation=false, dexing-is-debuggable=true, dexing-min-sdk=21, org.gradle.category=library, org.gradle.libraryelements=jar, org.gradle.status=release, org.gradle.usage=java-runtime}.
      > Execution failed for DexingWithClasspathTransform: /Users/zionnite/.gradle/caches/transforms-3/131ce0572a85fdeb525a81595856d4eb/transformed/jetified-kotlin-stdlib-1.9.10.jar.
         > Error while dexing.

* Try:
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> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
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* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 37m 51s

解决步骤 #

• 匹配AGP与Kotlin版本
  Kotlin 1.9.10需搭配AGP 8.1.x及以上版本。打开根目录build.gradle，确认com.android.tools.build:gradle版本，不匹配则同步升级。

• 清理缓存并重构项目

  1. 执行Android Studio菜单栏Build > Clean Project
  2. 再执行Build > Rebuild Project
  3. 手动删除项目根目录的.gradle文件夹和模块下的build目录，重启Studio后重新构建

• 临时禁用D8/R8排查问题
  在app/build.gradle的android块中添加以下配置，禁用混淆后尝试构建，排查是否为规则冲突：

  android {
      ...
      dexOptions {
          preDexLibraries false
      }
      buildTypes {
          debug {
              minifyEnabled false
              useProguard false
          }
      }
  }
  

• 统一Kotlin相关依赖版本
  检查项目中所有Kotlin依赖（如kotlin-reflect、kotlinx-coroutines-android等），确保版本与kotlin_version一致，避免跨版本冲突。

• 确认Java版本配置
  Kotlin 1.9.x推荐使用Java 17或11，在app/build.gradle中更新配置：

  android {
      compileOptions {
          sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_17
          targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_17
      }
      kotlinOptions {
          jvmTarget = "17"
      }
  }
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Zionnite