安装MTL4库时出现umfpack.h未找到错误求助

尝试安装MTL4库（仓库地址：https://gitlab.mn.tu-dresden.de/spraetor/mtl4.git），执行以下命令：

$ cd mtl4
$ mkdir build
$ cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=./build -B build_dir -S .
$ cmake --build build_dir --target install

执行后触发编译错误：

[  0%] Building CXX object libs/numeric/mtl/test/CMakeFiles/PA_test.dir/PA_test.cpp.o
In file included from /home/user/Downloads/mtl4/build/mtl4/boost/numeric/mtl/operations.hpp:111,
                 from /home/user/Downloads/mtl4/build/mtl4/boost/numeric/mtl/mtl.hpp:17,
                 from /home/user/Downloads/mtl4/build/mtl4/libs/numeric/mtl/test/PA_test.cpp:14:
/home/user/Downloads/mtl4/build/mtl4/boost/numeric/mtl/interface/umfpack_solve.hpp:36:12: fatal error: umfpack.h: No such file or directory
   36 | #  include <umfpack.h>
      |            ^~~~~~~~~~~
compilation terminated.
make[2]: *** [libs/numeric/mtl/test/CMakeFiles/PA_test.dir/build.make:76: libs/numeric/mtl/test/CMakeFiles/PA_test.dir/PA_test.cpp.o] Error 1
make[1]: *** [CMakeFiles/Makefile2:1719: libs/numeric/mtl/test/CMakeFiles/PA_test.dir/all] Error 2
make: *** [Makefile:146: all] Error 2

系统为Arch Linux，已安装suitesparse包（该包应提供umfpack.h头文件），需要解决此编译问题。

1. 确认头文件位置 #

Arch Linux中suitesparse的头文件默认放在/usr/include/suitesparse/目录下，先验证文件存在：

ls /usr/include/suitesparse/umfpack.h

若输出文件路径，说明CMake未自动识别该目录。

2. 手动指定UMFPACK路径重新配置CMake #

清理旧构建目录后，通过CMake参数指定UMFPACK的头文件和库路径：

rm -rf build_dir
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=./build -B build_dir -S . \
  -DUMFPACK_INCLUDE_DIR=/usr/include/suitesparse \
  -DUMFPACK_LIBRARIES="/usr/lib/libumfpack.so;/usr/lib/libsuitesparseconfig.so"

然后重新执行构建：

cmake --build build_dir --target install

3. 禁用UMFPACK支持（无需该功能时） #

如果不需要MTL4的UMFPACK相关功能，可直接关闭该依赖：

rm -rf build_dir
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=./build -B build_dir -S . -DMTL_WITH_UMFPACK=OFF
cmake --build build_dir --target install

4. 利用suitesparse的CMake配置文件 #

Arch Linux的suitesparse包提供了CMake配置文件，可通过设置CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH让CMake自动检测：

rm -rf build_dir
cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=./build -B build_dir -S . -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=/usr/lib/cmake/suitesparse
cmake --build build_dir --target install

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者testovich