IntelliJ新建Java项目出现LinkageError，gradle run可正常运行

我通过gradle init --use-defaults --type java-application命令在IntelliJ IDEA中创建了Java应用项目，尝试在IDE内构建并运行时出现以下错误：

LinkageError occurred while loading main class org.example.App
任务:app:App.main()执行失败，Java进程退出值为1

但使用终端命令gradle run可以正常运行项目。我已经尝试修改IDEA中的Java版本、设置$JAVA_HOME环境变量，问题仍未解决。

项目配置文件如下：

build.gradle.kts #

/*
 * This file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task.
 *
 * This generated file contains a sample Java application project to get you started.
 * For more details on building Java & JVM projects, please refer to https://docs.gradle.org/8.6/userguide/building_java_projects.html in the Gradle documentation.
 */

plugins {
    // Apply the application plugin to add support for building a CLI application in Java.
    application
}

repositories {
    // Use Maven Central for resolving dependencies.
    mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
    // Use JUnit Jupiter for testing.
    testImplementation(libs.junit.jupiter)

    testRuntimeOnly("org.junit.platform:junit-platform-launcher")

    // This dependency is used by the application.
    implementation(libs.guava)
}

// Apply a specific Java toolchain to ease working on different environments.
java {
    toolchain {
        languageVersion = JavaLanguageVersion.of(21)
    }
}

application {
    // Define the main class for the application.
    mainClass = "org.example.App"
}

tasks.named<Test>("test") {
    // Use JUnit Platform for unit tests.
    useJUnitPlatform()
}

settings.build.kts #

/*
 * This file was generated by the Gradle 'init' task.
 *
 * The settings file is used to specify which projects to include in your build.
 * For more detailed information on multi-project builds, please refer to https://docs.gradle.org/8.6/userguide/multi_project_builds.html in the Gradle documentation.
 */

plugins {
    // Apply the foojay-resolver plugin to allow automatic download of JDKs
    id("org.gradle.toolchains.foojay-resolver-convention") version "0.7.0"
}

rootProject.name = "educationproject-ml"
include("app")

可行的解决方法 #

1. 让IDEA对齐Gradle的Java Toolchain配置 #

项目中已经通过Java Toolchain指定使用JDK21，IDEA可能未同步该配置：

• 打开File > Settings > Build, Execution, Deployment > Build Tools > Gradle
• 在Gradle JVM选项中选择Use Gradle from 'gradle-wrapper.properties' file and Java from Toolchain
• 点击「Apply」保存，随后点击右上角的Gradle同步按钮重新同步项目

2. 清理缓存并重启 #

• 清理IDEA缓存：File > Invalidate Caches...，选择「Invalidate and Restart」
• 清理Gradle缓存：删除项目根目录下的.gradle文件夹，之后在终端执行gradle build，再回到IDEA尝试运行

3. 检查模块与项目的SDK配置 #

• 打开File > Project Structure > Modules，选中app模块：
  • 「Sources」标签页确认Language level为21
  • 「Dependencies」标签页确认Module SDK为JDK21
• 同时检查File > Project Structure > Project中的Project SDK和Project language level均设置为21

4. 重新导入项目 #

如果以上方法无效，删除项目根目录下的.idea文件夹和app.iml文件，然后通过File > Open选择项目根目录的build.gradle.kts文件，选择「Open as Project」重新导入。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者leichner