将Java仓库推送到Maven时持续出现401未授权错误的解决咨询

问题场景 #

我正在将项目中的通用模型抽离到独立仓库，使用的pom.xml配置如下：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.mua.common</groupId>
  <artifactId>models</artifactId>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>models</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
      <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
      <version>1.18.22</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <distributionManagement>
    <repository>
      <id>models</id>
      <url>https://nexus.myhost.bd/repository/maven-central/</url>
    </repository>
    <snapshotRepository>
      <id>models-snapshots</id>
      <url>https://nexus.myhost.bd/repository/maven-central/</url>
    </snapshotRepository>
  </distributionManagement>

  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.0-M1</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>deploy-artifacts</id>
            <phase>deploy</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>deploy</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <id>alt-models</id>
      <url>https://nexus.myhost.bd/repository/maven-central/</url>
    </repository>
  </repositories>

</project>

同时在C:\Users\<username>\.m2目录下配置了settings.xml：

<settings>
  <servers>
    <server>
      <id>alt-models</id>
      <username>username</username>
      <password>password</password>
    </server>
  </servers>
</settings>

但在IntelliJ中执行deploy操作时，始终抛出401 - UnAuthorized异常，使用的是自建Nexus仓库。

已尝试的修改 #

后来我更新了settings.xml，添加了对应仓库的认证信息：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<settings>

  <servers>
    <server>
      <id>models</id>
      <username>username</username>
      <password>password</password>
    </server>
    <server>
      <id>models-snapshot</id>
      <username>username</username>
      <password>password</password>
    </server>

  </servers>
</settings>

但问题依然存在。

完整失败日志 #

C:\Users\User\.jdks\corretto-17.0.9\bin\java.exe -Dmaven.multiModuleProjectDirectory=K:\repos\models\models -Djansi.passthrough=true "-Dmaven.home=C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition 2023.2.3\plugins\maven\lib\maven3" "-Dclassworlds.conf=C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition 2023.2.3\plugins\maven\lib\maven3\bin\m2.conf" "-Dmaven.ext.class.path=C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition 2023.2.3\plugins\maven\lib\maven-event-listener.jar" "-javaagent:C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition 2023.2.3\lib\idea_rt.jar=51830:C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition 2023.2.3\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition 2023.2.3\plugins\maven\lib\maven3\boot\plexus-classworlds-2.7.0.jar;C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA Community Edition 2023.2.3\plugins\maven\lib\maven3\boot\plexus-classworlds.license" org.codehaus.classworlds.Launcher -Didea.version=2023.2.5 deploy
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] ---------------------< com.mua.common:models >----------------------
[INFO] Building models 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO]   from pom.xml
[INFO] --------------------------------[ jar ]---------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- resources:3.3.0:resources (default-resources) @ models ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory K:\repos\models\models\src\main\resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- compiler:3.10.1:compile (default-compile) @ models ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- resources:3.3.0:testResources (default-testResources) @ models ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory K:\repos\models\models\src\test\resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- compiler:3.10.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ models ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- surefire:3.0.0:test (default-test) @ models ---
[INFO] Using auto detected provider org.apache.maven.surefire.junit.JUnit3Provider
[INFO] 
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]  T E S T S
[INFO] -------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Running com.mua.common.AppTest
[INFO] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.01 s - in com.mua.common.AppTest
[INFO] 
[INFO] Results:
[INFO] 
[INFO] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
[INFO] 
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- jar:3.3.0:jar (default-jar) @ models ---
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- install:3.1.0:install (default-install) @ models ---
[INFO] Installing K:\repos\models\models\pom.xml to C:\Users\User\.m2\repository\com\mua\common\models\1.0-SNAPSHOT\models-1.0-SNAPSHOT.pom
[INFO] Installing K:\repos\models\models\target\models-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar to C:\Users\User\.m2\repository\com\mua\common\models\1.0-SNAPSHOT\models-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- deploy:3.0.0-M1:deploy (default-deploy) @ models ---
Downloading from models-snapshots: https://nexus.myhost.bd/repository/maven-central/com/mua/common/models/1.0-SNAPSHOT/maven-metadata.xml
[WARNING] Could not transfer metadata com.mua.common:models:1.0-SNAPSHOT/maven-metadata.xml from/to models-snapshots (https://nexus.myhost.bd/repository/maven-central/): status code: 401, reason phrase: Unauthorized (401)
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD FAILURE
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  6.281 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2024-02-12T16:27:42+06:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[WARNING] 
[WARNING] Plugin validation issues were detected in 3 plugin(s)
[WARNING] 
[WARNING]  * org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-compiler-plugin:3.10.1
[WARNING]  * org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-deploy-plugin:3.0.0-M1
[WARNING]  * org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-resources-plugin:3.3.0
[WARNING] 
[WARNING] For more or less details, use 'maven.plugin.validation' property with one of the values (case insensitive): [BRIEF, DEFAULT, VERBOSE]
[WARNING] 
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-deploy-plugin:3.0.0-M1:deploy (default-deploy) on project models: ArtifactDeployerException: Failed to retrieve remote metadata com.mua.common:models:1.0-SNAPSHOT/maven-metadata.xml: Could not transfer metadata com.mua.common:models:1.0-SNAPSHOT/maven-metadata.xml from/to models-snapshots (https://nexus.myhost.bd/repository/maven-central/): status code: 401, reason phrase: Unauthorized (401) -> [Help 1]
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch.
[ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging.
[ERROR] 
[ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles:
[ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/MojoExecutionException

Process finished with exit code 1

Maven版本 #

Apache Maven 3.9.2 (c9616018c7a021c1c39be70fb2843d6f5f9b8a1c)

问题排查与解决步骤 #

1. 修正Server ID匹配问题 #

从失败日志可以看到，Maven尝试访问的是models-snapshots仓库，但你修改后的settings.xml中配置的是models-snapshot（少了末尾的s）。Maven通过ID关联仓库和认证信息，ID必须完全一致。

修改settings.xml中的对应Server ID：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<settings>
  <servers>
    <server>
      <id>models</id>
      <username>username</username>
      <password>password</password>
    </server>
    <server>
      <id>models-snapshots</id> <!-- 这里修正为和pom.xml一致的ID -->
      <username>username</username>
      <password>password</password>
    </server>
  </servers>
</settings>

2. 检查Nexus仓库权限与类型 #

• 仓库类型确认：如果maven-central是Nexus的代理仓库，代理仓库只能用于拉取依赖，无法部署自己的包。需要创建一个宿主仓库（Hosted Repository），专门存放自己的快照和发布版本，然后修改pom.xml中的仓库URL为宿主仓库的地址。
• 用户权限检查：登录Nexus后台，确认你的账号对目标仓库拥有Deploy（部署）权限，而不仅仅是只读权限。

3. 验证账号密码有效性 #

用curl命令直接测试账号是否能访问仓库：

curl -u username:password https://nexus.myhost.bd/repository/maven-central/com/mua/common/models/1.0-SNAPSHOT/

如果返回401，说明账号密码错误或者权限不足；如果能正常返回目录内容，再回到Maven配置排查。

4. 更换稳定版Maven插件 #

日志中提示maven-deploy-plugin:3.0.0-M1是里程碑版本，可能存在兼容性问题。建议更换为稳定版，比如3.1.1：

<plugin>
  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
  <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
  <version>3.1.1</version>
</plugin>

5. 确认IntelliJ使用的Maven配置文件 #

在IntelliJ的File > Settings > Build, Execution, Deployment > Build Tools > Maven中，检查User settings file是否指向你修改的C:\Users\<username>\.m2\settings.xml，避免IDE使用了其他配置文件。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Maifee Ul Asad