Hey there, let's break down why your Persian text مشاوره و اجرا و کمک به بنگاه‌ها is rendering as مشاوره و اجرا و کمک ��ه بنگاه‌ها with those odd question marks. I've troubleshooted this exact issue countless times, so here are the most probable causes and quick checks you can run:

• Mismatched Character Encoding
  This is the #1 culprit. Persian characters are part of Unicode, which requires UTF-8 encoding to display properly. If your server sends content in UTF-8 but your front-end page declares a different encoding (like ISO-8859-1), or vice versa, characters get corrupted mid-transmission.

  • Double-check your HTML's meta tag: make sure it includes <meta charset="UTF-8">.
  • Verify your server's Content-Type response header has charset=utf-8 (use browser dev tools > Network tab to inspect this).

• Font Lacks Persian Glyph Support
  If the font your website uses doesn’t include Persian character sets, the browser will replace missing glyphs with question marks or empty squares.

  • Update your CSS to use a Persian-friendly font stack, like:

    body {
      font-family: 'Vazirmatn', 'IRANSans', 'Tahoma', sans-serif;
    }
    

  Ensure the font files are properly loaded (either via local assets or a reliable CDN).

• Database/Backend Encoding Misconfiguration
  If the text is pulled from a database, incorrect encoding settings there can break the characters before they even reach the front-end.

  • Confirm your database, tables, and individual fields use utf8mb4 encoding (the full UTF-8 standard that supports all Unicode characters, including Persian).
  • Check if your backend is correctly encoding data during save/retrieval—avoid unnecessary string conversions that might strip Unicode characters.

• Front-End Data Handling Errors
  Sometimes the front-end mishandles text during parsing or rendering. For example, a framework might incorrectly escape characters, or you might convert the string to an incompatible format.

  • Inspect the raw backend response (via dev tools > Network > Response tab) to confirm it’s the correct Persian text before any front-end processing.

Start with checking encoding settings first—nine times out of ten, that’s the fix. If that doesn’t resolve it, move on to font and database checks.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Mohammad Hosein