使用AWS Amplify部署Expo 50.0.5 React Native Web应用构建失败求助

• 本地环境：Node v21.1.0、npm 10.2.0、Expo ~50.0.5
• 本地状态：React Native Web应用运行正常，执行npx expo export -p web可成功生成dist文件
• 构建故障：AWS Amplify配置Node 18构建时，触发GLIBC_2.27和GLIBC_2.28版本缺失错误，导致构建失败

本地package.json（核心依赖片段） #

{
  "name": "your-app-name",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "main": "expo-router/entry",
  "scripts": {
    "start": "expo start",
    "build": "npx expo export -p web",
    "web": "expo start --web"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "expo": "~50.0.5",
    "expo-router": "~3.4.6",
    "react": "18.2.0",
    "react-dom": "18.2.0",
    "react-native": "0.73.2",
    "react-native-web": "~0.19.6"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "@babel/core": "^7.20.0",
    "@types/react": "~18.2.45",
    "typescript": "^5.3.0"
  }
}

AWS Amplify构建配置（amplify.yml） #

version: 1
frontend:
  phases:
    preBuild:
      commands:
        - nvm use 18
        - npm install
    build:
      commands:
        - npm run build
  artifacts:
    baseDirectory: dist
    files:
      - '**/*'
  cache:
    paths:
      - node_modules/**/*

> npm run build

> your-app-name@1.0.0 build
> npx expo export -p web

Starting Metro Bundler
Failed to construct transformer:  Error: /root/.nvm/versions/node/v18.19.0/lib/node_modules/expo/node_modules/@expo/cli/node_modules/signal-exit/node_modules/which/bin/which: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.27' not found (required by /root/.nvm/versions/node/v18.19.0/lib/node_modules/expo/node_modules/@expo/cli/node_modules/signal-exit/node_modules/which/bin/which)
/root/.nvm/versions/node/v18.19.0/lib/node_modules/expo/node_modules/@expo/cli/node_modules/signal-exit/node_modules/which/bin/which: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.28' not found (required by /root/.nvm/versions/node/v18.19.0/lib/node_modules/expo/node_modules/@expo/cli/node_modules/signal-exit/node_modules/which/bin/which)
    at Module._extensions..node (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1395:18)
    at Module.load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1149:32)
    at Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:980:12)
    at Module.require (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1163:19)
    at require (node:internal/modules/cjs/helpers:110:18)
    at Object.<anonymous> (/root/.nvm/versions/node/v18.19.0/lib/node_modules/expo/node_modules/@expo/cli/node_modules/signal-exit/node_modules/which/index.js:7:13)
    at Module._compile (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1275:14)
    at Module._extensions..js (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1329:10)
    at Module.load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:1143:32)
    at Module._load (node:internal/modules/cjs/loader:984:12)
error Command failed with exit code 1.
info Visit https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/commands/npm-run for available options.

方案1：升级Amplify构建环境的Node版本到20+ #

AWS Amplify支持Node 20环境，和本地版本更接近，能规避GLIBC版本不兼容问题。修改amplify.yml：

version: 1
frontend:
  phases:
    preBuild:
      commands:
        - nvm use 20
        - npm install
    build:
      commands:
        - npm run build
  artifacts:
    baseDirectory: dist
    files:
      - '**/*'
  cache:
    paths:
      - node_modules/**/*

方案2：清理缓存并重新安装依赖 #

Amplify的缓存可能留存了旧依赖包，导致GLIBC不兼容。在preBuild阶段添加清理命令：

preBuild:
  commands:
    - nvm use 18
    - rm -rf node_modules package-lock.json
    - npm install --no-cache

方案3：使用Expo预构建调整构建流程 #

1. 本地执行npx expo prebuild --platform web生成web原生构建文件
2. 修改package.json的build脚本，直接用webpack构建（需确保webpack配置适配Expo Web）：

"scripts": {
  "build": "webpack --mode production"
}

方案4：使用自定义构建镜像 #

选择包含高版本GLIBC的镜像（比如Ubuntu 20.04），在amplify.yml中指定：

version: 1
frontend:
  phases:
    preBuild:
      commands:
        - nvm use 18
        - npm install
    build:
      commands:
        - npm run build
  artifacts:
    baseDirectory: dist
    files:
      - '**/*'
  cache:
    paths:
      - node_modules/**/*
build:
  image:
    name: ubuntu:20.04

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user1424876