anyExchange().authenticated()实际作用探究：为何添加前后无差异？

本文探究anyExchange().authenticated()的实际作用，以下是最小可复现示例（MRE）：

项目依赖配置（pom.xml） #

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.2</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>security-mre</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>security-mre</name>
    <description>security-mre</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.projectreactor</groupId>
            <artifactId>reactor-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

初始控制器代码 #

package com.example.securitymre.controller;

import com.example.securitymre.data.Hello;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class HelloController {
    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public Hello getHello() {
        return new Hello();
    }
}

初始数据类代码 #

package com.example.securitymre.data;

import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@NoArgsConstructor
@Getter
public class Hello {
    private final String message = "Hello!";
}

初始测试结果 #

我几乎没写什么代码，也没有配置安全规则，但执行以下命令时：

curl -i localhost:8080/hello

返回结果：

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="Realm"
Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, max-age=0, must-revalidate
Pragma: no-cache
Expires: 0
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-Frame-Options: DENY
X-XSS-Protection: 0
Referrer-Policy: no-referrer
content-length: 0

未认证状态下已无法访问应用

实验2：添加安全配置并测试 #

修改数据类Hello

package com.example.securitymre.data;

import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

@NoArgsConstructor
@Getter
public class Hello {
    private String message = "Hello!";

    public Hello(String message) {
        this.message = message;
    }
}

修改控制器，添加新接口

package com.example.securitymre.controller;

import com.example.securitymre.data.Hello;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class HelloController {
    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public Hello getHello() {
        return new Hello();
    }
    @GetMapping("/secured-hello")
    public Hello getSecuredHello() {
        return new Hello("Secured hello!");
    }
}

添加包含anyExchange().authenticated()的安全配置类

package com.example.securitymre.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.reactive.EnableWebFluxSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.web.server.ServerHttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.web.server.SecurityWebFilterChain;

@Configuration
@EnableWebFluxSecurity
public class SecurityConfig {
    @Bean
    public SecurityWebFilterChain securityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity security) {
        return security
                .authorizeExchange(authorizeExchangeSpec -> authorizeExchangeSpec
                        .pathMatchers("/hello").permitAll()
                        .anyExchange()/* by "any" we mean GET /secured-hello */.authenticated()
                )
                .build();
    }
}

实验2测试结果

curl -i localhost:8080/hello

返回：

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 20
Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, max-age=0, must-revalidate
Pragma: no-cache
Expires: 0
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-Frame-Options: DENY
X-XSS-Protection: 0
Referrer-Policy: no-referrer
{"message":"Hello!"}

curl -i localhost:8080/secured-hello

返回：

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="Realm"
Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, max-age=0, must-revalidate
Pragma: no-cache
Expires: 0
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-Frame-Options: DENY
X-XSS-Protection: 0
Referrer-Policy: no-referrer
content-length: 0

移除anyExchange().authenticated()后的测试 #

修改安全配置类

package com.example.securitymre.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.reactive.EnableWebFluxSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.web.server.ServerHttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.web.server.SecurityWebFilterChain;

@Configuration
@EnableWebFluxSecurity
public class SecurityConfig {
    @Bean
    public SecurityWebFilterChain securityFilterChain(ServerHttpSecurity security) {
        return security
                .authorizeExchange(authorizeExchangeSpec -> authorizeExchangeSpec
                        .pathMatchers("/hello").permitAll()
                )
                .build();
    }
}

测试结果

curl -i localhost:8080/hello

返回：

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 20
Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, max-age=0, must-revalidate
Pragma: no-cache
Expires: 0
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-Frame-Options: DENY
X-XSS-Protection: 0
Referrer-Policy: no-referrer
{"message":"Hello!"}

curl -i localhost:8080/secured-hello

返回：

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="Realm"
Cache-Control: no-cache, no-store, max-age=0, must-revalidate
Pragma: no-cache
Expires: 0
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-Frame-Options: DENY
X-XSS-Protection: 0
Referrer-Policy: no-referrer
content-length: 0

两种配置的测试结果完全一致。

我经验有限，但之前参与的项目中都包含anyRequest().authenticated()这类配置。现在发现它似乎是默认规则，看不出实际作用。

请问我是否忽略了什么？anyExchange().authenticated()到底有什么实际作用？

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Sergey Zolotarev