Kubuntu22.04升级Python3.13后distutils缺失报错求助

环境信息 #

• Kubuntu 22.04 | 6.5.0-17内核
• Python版本：从3.10升级至3.13

操作与报错 #

为体验Python 3.13，添加第三方软件源后通过sudo apt安装了python3.13、python3.13-dev、python3.13-minimal。随后用Python 3.10运行以下脚本，尝试为3.13安装适配的旧软件包：

pkgs = eval(str(sbp.run("pip3 list -o --format=json", shell=True,
                         stdout=sbp.PIPE).stdout, encoding='utf-8'))
for pkg in pkgs:
    sbp.run("python3.13 -m pip install " + pkg['name'], shell=True)

执行后报错，手动执行python3.13 -m pip install SomePackage时，抛出ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'distutils'异常，具体栈信息如下：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<frozen runpy>", line 198, in _run_module_as_main
  File "<frozen runpy>", line 88, in _run_code
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/__main__.py", line 29, in <module>
    from pip._internal.cli.main import main as _main
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main.py", line 9, in <module>
    from pip._internal.cli.autocompletion import autocomplete
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/cli/autocompletion.py", line 10, in <module>
    from pip._internal.cli.main_parser import create_main_parser
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main_parser.py", line 8, in <module>
    from pip._internal.cli import cmdoptions
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/cli/cmdoptions.py", line 23, in <module>
    from pip._internal.cli.parser import ConfigOptionParser
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/cli/parser.py", line 12, in <module>
    from pip._internal.configuration import Configuration, ConfigurationError
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/configuration.py", line 26, in <module>
    from pip._internal.utils.logging import getLogger
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/utils/logging.py", line 27, in <module>
    from pip._internal.utils.misc import ensure_dir
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/utils/misc.py", line 39, in <module>
    from pip._internal.locations import get_major_minor_version
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/locations/__init__.py", line 14, in <module>
    from . import _distutils, _sysconfig
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/locations/_distutils.py", line 9, in <module>
    from distutils.cmd import Command as DistutilsCommand
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'distutils'

所有包安装都会触发该错误，已尝试重新安装Python、用pip升级setuptools、通过apt安装python3.13-distutils和python3.13-setuptools（无对应包），问题仍未解决。

方法1：手动安装适配Python3.13的distutils #

Ubuntu 22.04官方源未提供Python3.13的distutils包，可通过以下步骤手动补充：

1. 安装Python3.13的虚拟环境工具（附带ensurepip）：

   sudo apt install python3.13-venv
   

2. 用ensurepip为Python3.13安装并升级pip：

   python3.13 -m ensurepip --upgrade
   

3. 通过pip安装setuptools（内置distutils兼容实现）：

   python3.13 -m pip install --upgrade setuptools
   

完成后再次执行python3.13 -m pip install即可正常使用。

方法2：使用虚拟环境隔离运行 #

虚拟环境可完全避免系统级Python的依赖冲突，是更安全的方案：

1. 安装虚拟环境工具：

   sudo apt install python3.13-venv
   

2. 创建并激活虚拟环境：

   python3.13 -m venv ~/py313-env
   source ~/py313-env/bin/activate
   

3. 激活后，直接用pip安装包即可（此时pip自动适配Python3.13）：

   pip install SomePackage
   

方法3：替换系统全局pip为Python3.13版本（谨慎操作） #

若需要全局使用Python3.13的pip，可替换系统默认pip：

1. 卸载系统原有的python3-pip：

   sudo apt remove python3-pip
   

2. 为Python3.13安装并升级pip：

   python3.13 -m ensurepip --upgrade
   

3. 创建软链接让pip3指向Python3.13的pip：

   sudo ln -sf ~/.local/bin/pip3.13 /usr/bin/pip3
   

注意：此操作会改变系统默认pip关联的Python版本，可能影响依赖Python3.10的系统工具，需谨慎执行。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者YasuoTouchedMySpaggett