32位树莓派4使用face_recognition遇Pillow导入错误求助

设备与环境 #

• 硬件：Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Rev 1.4（32位系统）
• Python版本：3.9.0
• 已安装依赖：face_recognition 1.3.0、dlib 19.24.2、Pillow 10.2.0等

报错详情 #

执行import face_recognition时触发ImportError：

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ python3 
Python 3.9.0 (default, Feb 13 2024, 22:18:52) 
[GCC 8.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import face_recognition
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/home/pi/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/face_recognition/__init__.py", line 7, in <module>
    from .api import load_image_file, face_locations, batch_face_locations, face_landmarks, face_encodings, compare_faces, face_distance
  File "/home/pi/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/face_recognition/api.py", line 3, in <module>
    import PIL.Image
  File "/home/pi/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/PIL/Image.py", line 84, in <module>
    from . import _imaging as core
ImportError: /home/pi/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/PIL/_imaging.cpython-39-arm-linux-gnueabihf.so: undefined symbol: opj_encoder_set_extra_options

已尝试操作 #

卸载并重新安装Pillow 10.2.0，问题未解决：

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ pip3 uninstall Pillow
Found existing installation: pillow 10.2.0
Uninstalling pillow-10.2.0:
  Would remove:
    /home/pi/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/PIL/*
    /home/pi/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pillow-10.2.0.dist-info/*
Proceed (Y/n)? Y
  Successfully uninstalled pillow-10.2.0
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ pip3 install Pillow
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.org/simple, https://www.piwheels.org/simple
Collecting Pillow
  Using cached https://www.piwheels.org/simple/pillow/pillow-10.2.0-cp39-cp39-linux_armv7l.whl (1.2 MB)
Installing collected packages: Pillow
Successfully installed Pillow-10.2.0

解决方法 #

1. 降级Pillow到兼容版本 #

Pillow 10.x在32位树莓派环境下存在OpenJPEG依赖兼容性问题，降级到9.x稳定版本：

pip3 uninstall -y Pillow
pip3 install Pillow==9.5.0

2. 手动编译安装Pillow #

如果降级无效，说明系统依赖库与预编译包不匹配，手动编译适配本地环境：

1. 安装编译依赖：

sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y libopenjp2-7-dev libtiff5-dev libjpeg62-turbo-dev zlib1g-dev libfreetype6-dev liblcms2-dev libwebp-dev tcl8.6-dev tk8.6-dev python3-dev

2. 卸载现有Pillow：

pip3 uninstall -y Pillow

3. 源码编译安装：

pip3 install --no-binary :all: Pillow==9.5.0

3. 修复系统OpenJPEG库 #

报错中的opj_encoder_set_extra_options属于OpenJPEG库，尝试重新安装系统库：

sudo apt update && sudo apt install --reinstall libopenjp2-7 libopenjp2-7-dev

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者QG_office