在WSL的Fedora Remix中下载en_core_web_lg遇权限错误求助

问题描述 #

在WSL的Fedora Remix系统（38版本）中，使用conda 4.12.0管理的Python 3.7.6环境执行命令：

python -m spacy download en_core_web_lg

出现权限错误，完整回溯如下：

$ python -m spacy download en_core_web_lg
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/time/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/runpy.py", line 193, in _run_module_as_main
    "__main__", mod_spec)
  File "/home/time/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/runpy.py", line 85, in _run_code
    exec(code, run_globals)
  File "/home/time/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/spacy/__main__.py", line 4, in <module>
    setup_cli()
  File "/home/time/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/spacy/cli/_util.py", line 87, in setup_cli
    command(prog_name=COMMAND)
  File "/home/time/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/click/core.py", line 1157, in __call__
    return self.main(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/time/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/typer/core.py", line 785, in main
    **extra,
  File "/home/time/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/typer/core.py", line 216, in _main
    rv = self.invoke(ctx)
  File "/home/time/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/click/core.py", line 1688, in invoke
    return _process_result(sub_ctx.command.invoke(sub_ctx))
  File "/home/time/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/click/core.py", line 1434, in invoke
    return ctx.invoke(self.callback, **ctx.params)
  File "/home/time/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/click/core.py", line 783, in invoke
    return __callback(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/time/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/typer/main.py", line 683, in wrapper
    return callback(**use_params)  # type: ignore
  File "/home/time/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/spacy/cli/download.py", line 43, in download_cli
    download(model, direct, sdist, *ctx.args)
  File "/home/time/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/spacy/cli/download.py", line 82, in download
    download_model(filename, pip_args)
  File "/home/time/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/spacy/cli/download.py", line 159, in download_model
    run_command(cmd)
  File "/home/time/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/spacy/util.py", line 1015, in run_command
    stderr=subprocess.STDOUT if capture else None,
  File "/home/time/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/subprocess.py", line 488, in run
    with Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs) as process:
  File "/home/time/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/subprocess.py", line 800, in __init__
    restore_signals, start_new_session)
  File "/home/time/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/subprocess.py", line 1551, in _execute_child
    raise child_exception_type(errno_num, err_msg, err_filename)
PermissionError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: ''

解决方案 #

这个错误通常是Spacy调用pip时路径异常或权限不足导致的，可尝试以下方法：

1. 使用--user参数绕过系统权限 #

执行命令时添加--user，将模型安装到用户目录，避免系统级权限限制：

python -m spacy download en_core_web_lg --user

2. 直接用pip安装模型包 #

Spacy的download命令本质是调用pip安装对应模型包，可直接用当前conda环境的pip执行安装：

pip install en_core_web_lg

如果上述命令找不到包，可指定对应Python3.7兼容的模型版本（比如3.0.0版本）：

pip install https://github.com/explosion/spacy-models/releases/download/en_core_web_lg-3.0.0/en_core_web_lg-3.0.0.tar.gz

3. 确认conda环境的pip路径正确 #

确保当前激活的conda环境使用的是自身的pip，而非系统pip：

which pip

输出应为/home/time/anaconda3/bin/pip（对应你的conda路径），如果不是，重新激活conda环境：

conda activate your_env_name

再执行pip安装命令。

4. 手动下载并链接模型 #

如果上述方法都无效，可手动下载模型包，解压后用Spacy链接：

• 下载对应版本的模型压缩包（比如en_core_web_lg-3.0.0.tar.gz）
• 解压到任意目录，进入解压后的文件夹
• 执行链接命令：

python -m spacy link en_core_web_lg en_core_web_lg

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Time