修改Django的models.py后出现1054错误：erp_app_invoice表无id列

修改models.py后出现错误：(1054, "Unknown column 'id' in 'erp_app_invoice'")。明明Django会自动生成id主键字段，自己没在模型里定义，尝试手动添加id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)提示不能有两个AutoField，改成CharField也没用。

模型代码（models.py） #

class Invoice(models.Model):
    owner = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, default=None, editable=False)
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    address = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    city = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    product1 = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    product1_qty = models.CharField(max_length=3)
    product1_price = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    product1_total = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True)
    product2 = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True)
    product2_qty = models.CharField(max_length=3, blank=True)
    product2_price = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True)
    product2_total = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True)
    product3 = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True)
    product3_qty = models.CharField(max_length=3, blank=True)
    product3_price = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True)
    product3_total = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    shipping_fees = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    sub_total = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True)
    discount = models.CharField(max_length=50, blank=True)
    total_order = models.CharField(max_length=50)

    def __str__(self):
        return(f"{self.first_name} {self.last_name} | {self.phone}")

模板代码（HTML） #

{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block content%}

<h1>My Invoices</h1>
<br/><br/>

<a type="button" href="{% url 'services' %}" class="btn btn-secondary">Back</a>
<a type="button" href="{% url 'add_invoice' %}" class="btn btn-success">Add Invoice</a>
<br/><br/>

<table class="table table-striped table-hover table-bordered">
    <thead class="table-dark">
        <tr>
            <th scope="col">ID</th>
            <th scope="col">Date</th>
            <th scope="col">Name</th>
            <th scope="col">Phone</th>
            <th scope="col">Address</th>
            <th scope="col">Total</th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <body>
{% if invoices %}
    {% for invoice in invoices %}
        <tr>
            <td><a href="{% url 'invoice' invoice.id %}">{{ invoice.id }}</a></td>
            <td>{{ invoice.created_at }}</td>
            <td>{{ invoice.first_name }} {{ invoice.last_name }}</td>  
            <td>{{ invoice.phone }}</td>
            <td>{{ invoice.address }} ,{{ invoice.city }}</td>
            <td>{{ invoice.total_order }}</td>
        </tr>
    {% endfor %}

{% endif %}
    
    </tbody>
</table>

{% endblock %}

视图代码 #

def invoice(request):
  if request.user.is_authenticated:
    invoices = Invoice.objects.filter(owner=request.user)
    return render(request, 'invoices.html', {'invoices':invoices})
  else:
    messages.success(request, "You Must Be Logged In To View This Page !")
    return redirect('login')

这个问题本质是数据库表与Django模型不同步导致的，Django默认生成id主键，但如果之前的表没有该字段，或修改模型后迁移未正确执行，就会报错。按以下步骤解决：

1. 生成并执行迁移（推荐）

   • 生成迁移文件：

     python manage.py makemigrations
     

   • 执行迁移同步数据库：

     python manage.py migrate
     

2. 迁移无效时手动补全字段
   如果迁移命令未生效，直接在数据库中给erp_app_invoice表添加id字段：

   ALTER TABLE erp_app_invoice ADD COLUMN id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY;
   

   执行后重启Django服务再测试。

3. 排查自定义主键
   检查模型中是否有其他字段被设置为primary_key=True，如果有，Django不会自动生成id字段。当前模型无此情况，可跳过。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者beshoy saleh