Docker镜像中无法使用本地.egg-info包的问题求助

我通过setup.py创建了后缀为.egg-info的Python本地包power_manager，执行pip install -e .在本地安装成功。但因为包含公司代码，无法上传至PyPI。

现有配置文件如下：

setup.py #

from setuptools import setup, find_packages

setup(
    name='power_manager',
    version='0.1',
    packages=find_packages(),
    install_requires=[
        "paho-mqtt==1.6.1"
    ],
)

初始requirements.txt #

paho-mqtt==1.6.1
git+https://github.deere.com/EPVV/ODS.git@c3ba6d5289fe05d5a60c8eab26b23ad01ff71ed6#egg=power_manager&subdirectory=power_management

Dockerfile #

FROM python:3.8-alpine
WORKDIR /app
COPY ./requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
COPY ./ /app
CMD ["python","-u", "./main_controller.py"]

构建错误1 #

使用初始配置构建镜像时，因容器内未安装git报错：

❯  docker build -t ods_main .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  9.148MB
Step 1/6 : FROM docker.deere.com/python:3.8-alpine
 ---> f36c9f755d28
Step 2/6 : WORKDIR /app
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 44a76dc3b4a9
Step 3/6 : COPY ./requirements.txt .
 ---> 972c55049f3c
Step 4/6 : RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
 ---> Running in 073cabb46b7a
Collecting power_manager
  Cloning https://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:****@github.deere.com/EPVV/ODS.git (to revision c3ba6d5289fe05d5a60c8eab26b23ad01ff71ed6) to /tmp/pip-install-zmr7tyb7/power-manager_c5bb17f18b8440729603b00733c66ec6
  ERROR: Error [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'git' while executing command git version
ERROR: Cannot find command 'git' - do you have 'git' installed and in your PATH?

[notice] A new release of pip is available: 23.0.1 -> 24.0
[notice] To update, run: pip install --upgrade pip
The command '/bin/sh -c pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt' returned a non-zero code: 1

构建错误2 #

修改requirements.txt为本地路径后，因容器内不存在该路径报错：

❯  docker build -t testing_power_manager .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  7.413MB
Step 1/8 : FROM docker.deere.com/python:3.8-alpine
 ---> f36c9f755d28
Step 2/8 : WORKDIR /app
 ---> Using cache
 ---> 44a76dc3b4a9
Step 3/8 : COPY ./requirements.txt .
 ---> 6319e22ee559
Step 4/8 : RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
 ---> Running in 53da6ad9984f
ERROR: /home/y3qucfm/workspace/power_management is not a valid editable requirement. It should either be a path to a local project or a VCS URL (beginning with bzr+http, bzr+https, bzr+ssh, bzr+sftp, bzr+ftp, bzr+lp, bzr+file, git+http, git+https, git+ssh, git+git, git+file, hg+file, hg+http, hg+https, hg+ssh, hg+static-http, svn+ssh, svn+http, svn+https, svn+svn, svn+file).

[notice] A new release of pip is available: 23.0.1 -> 24.0
[notice] To update, run: pip install --upgrade pip
The command '/bin/sh -c pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt' returned a non-zero code: 1

方案1：直接在容器内安装本地包（推荐） #

无需依赖git或外部路径，直接将本地包代码复制到容器内执行安装：

1. 修改requirements.txt：仅保留第三方依赖，移除power_manager相关条目：

paho-mqtt==1.6.1

2. 调整Dockerfile：先复制本地包的核心文件，再安装包和依赖：

FROM python:3.8-alpine

# 可选：若包需要编译依赖，安装系统编译工具
RUN apk add --no-cache gcc musl-dev

WORKDIR /app

# 复制本地包的必要文件
COPY ./setup.py .
COPY ./power_manager/ ./power_manager/
COPY ./power_manager.egg-info/ ./power_manager.egg-info/

# 安装本地包
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir .

# 安装第三方依赖
COPY ./requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt

# 复制主程序代码
COPY ./main_controller.py .

CMD ["python","-u", "./main_controller.py"]

注意：若power_manager包含资源文件等其他内容，需同步复制到容器对应路径。

方案2：预构建wheel包后安装 #

本地先构建wheel格式的包文件，再复制到容器内安装：

1. 本地构建wheel包：在项目根目录执行：

pip install wheel
python setup.py sdist bdist_wheel

执行后会生成dist/目录，包含.whl格式的包文件（如power_manager-0.1-py3-none-any.whl）。
2. 修改Dockerfile：

FROM python:3.8-alpine
WORKDIR /app

# 复制wheel包和依赖文件
COPY ./dist/power_manager-0.1-py3-none-any.whl .
COPY ./requirements.txt .

# 安装wheel包和第三方依赖
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir power_manager-0.1-py3-none-any.whl -r requirements.txt

# 复制主程序
COPY ./main_controller.py .

CMD ["python","-u", "./main_controller.py"]

方案3：修复git依赖问题（不推荐） #

若坚持使用git方式安装，需在Alpine镜像中先安装git：

FROM python:3.8-alpine
WORKDIR /app

# 安装git
RUN apk add --no-cache git

COPY ./requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt

COPY ./ /app
CMD ["python","-u", "./main_controller.py"]

缺点：会增加镜像体积，且需确保容器能访问公司内部git仓库（可能需配置凭证）。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Adriana Treviño