使用GitHub Actions+Maven编译代码失败，报目录不存在错误

问题描述 #

通过YAML配置GitHub Actions工作流，setup环节执行正常，但编译环节失败，报错信息：

Error: An error occurred trying to start process '/usr/bin/bash' with working directory '/home/runner/work/Project/Project/article'. No such file or directory

问题原因 #

GitHub Actions中每个Job运行在独立的Runner实例，不同Job之间的文件系统完全隔离。setup Job里通过actions/checkout将代码检出到article目录，但这个操作仅对当前Job的Runner有效。compile和test Job是全新的Runner环境，未执行代码检出，因此不存在article目录，导致报错。

解决方案 #

方案1：在需要代码的Job中添加检出步骤 #

在compile和test Job里分别加入actions/checkout步骤，指定检出路径为article，保证Job环境中存在目标目录：

修改后的compile Job：

compile:
  needs: setup
  runs-on: ubuntu-latest
  steps:
    - name: Checkout branch 🛎️
      uses: actions/checkout@v3
      with:
        path: 'article'
    - name: Compile code with maven 🛠️
      working-directory: 'article'
      run: mvn compile

修改后的test Job：

test:
  needs: compile
  runs-on: ubuntu-latest
  steps:
    - name: Checkout branch 🛎️
      uses: actions/checkout@v3
      with:
        path: 'article'
    - name: Run tests with maven 🧪
      working-directory: 'article'
      run: mvn test

方案2：合并Job减少重复操作 #

如果setup、compile、test不需要并行执行，可以将三个步骤合并到同一个Job中，避免重复检出代码，提升效率：

name: Article module development-CI

on:
  workflow_call:
  pull_request:
    branches:
      - "dev"
    paths:
      - 'article/**'
    types: [closed]

jobs:
  build-and-test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Checkout branch 🛎️
        uses: actions/checkout@v3
        with:
          path: 'article'
      - name: Set up JDK 18 🏗️
        uses: actions/setup-java@v3
        with:
          java-version: '18'
          distribution: 'temurin'
          cache: maven
      - name: Compile code with maven 🛠️
        working-directory: 'article'
        run: mvn compile
      - name: Run tests with maven 🧪
        working-directory: 'article'
        run: mvn test

原配置代码参考 #

主工作流YAML #

name: Article module development-CI

on:
  workflow_call:
  pull_request:
    branches:
      - "dev"
    paths:
      - 'article/**'
    types: [closed]

jobs:
  setup:
    uses: ./.github/workflows/setup-jdk.yml
    with:
      working-directory: 'article'

  compile:
    needs: setup
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Compile code with maven 🛠️
        working-directory: 'article'
        run: mvn compile

  test:
    needs: compile
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Run tests with maven 🧪
        working-directory: 'article'
        run: mvn test

复用的setup工作流YAML #

name: Setup JDK and Checkout Code

on:
  workflow_call:
    inputs:
      java-version:
        description: 'Java version'
        required: false
        default: '18'
        type: string
      working-directory:
        description: 'Working directory'
        required: false
        default: '.'
        type: string

jobs:
  setup:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    outputs:
      working-directory: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout branch 🛎️
        uses: actions/checkout@v3
        with:
          path: ${{ inputs.working-directory }}

      - name: Set up JDK ${{ inputs.java-version }} 🏗️
        uses: actions/setup-java@v3
        with:
          java-version: ${{ inputs.java-version }}
          distribution: 'temurin'
          cache: maven

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Stoyan Grozdev