OpenAI函数调用提取多学生信息异常：仅返回单条数据

问题背景 #

需要从包含两名学生信息的文本中，通过OpenAI Function Calling提取所有学生的name、major、school、grades、club字段，生成结构化JSON，但当前代码仅返回第一位学生的数据。

目标文本 #

Ravi Patel is a sophomore majoring in computer science at the University of Michigan. He is South Asian Indian American and has a 3.7 GPA. Ravi is an active member of the university's Chess Club and the South Asian Student Association. He hopes to pursue a career in software engineering after graduating. David Nguyen is a sophomore majoring in computer science at Stanford University. He is Asian American and has a 3.8 GPA. David is known for his programming skills and is an active member of the university's Robotics Club. He hopes to pursue a career in artificial intelligence after graduating.

当前代码输出 #

{"name": "Ravi Patel", "major": "Computer Science", "school": "University of Michigan", "grades": 3.7, "club": "Chess Club, South Asian Student Association"}

问题原因 #

原函数参数定义为单个学生对象，未支持数组结构，导致模型默认只返回第一个匹配的学生信息。需要调整函数的参数结构，明确要求返回学生数组。

修改后的代码 #

%pip install --upgrade openai -q

import os
from openai import OpenAI
import json

# 设置API密钥
my_key = "API KEY"
os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = my_key
client = OpenAI()

student_description = "Ravi Patel is a sophomore majoring in computer science at the University of Michigan. He is South Asian Indian American and has a 3.7 GPA. Ravi is an active member of the university's Chess Club and the South Asian Student Association. He hopes to pursue a career in software engineering after graduating. David Nguyen is a sophomore majoring in computer science at Stanford University. He is Asian American and has a 3.8 GPA. David is known for his programming skills and is an active member of the university's Robotics Club. He hopes to pursue a career in artificial intelligence after graduating."

# 修改后的函数定义：支持返回学生数组
student_custom_functions = [
    {
        'name': 'extract_student_info',
        'description': 'Extract all student information from the text, including name, major, school, GPA, and club memberships',
        'parameters': {
            'type': 'object',
            'properties': {
                'students': {
                    'type': 'array',
                    'description': 'List of all students mentioned in the text',
                    'items': {
                        'type': 'object',
                        'properties': {
                            'name': {
                                'type': 'string',
                                'description': 'Name of the student'
                            },
                            'major': {
                                'type': 'string',
                                'description': 'Student\'s major subject'
                            },
                            'school': {
                                'type': 'string',
                                'description': 'Name of the university'
                            },
                            'grades': {
                                'type': 'number',  # 修正类型：GPA是小数，不是整数
                                'description': 'Student\'s GPA'
                            },
                            'club': {
                                'type': 'string',
                                'description': 'Extracurricular clubs the student is part of'
                            }
                        },
                        'required': ['name', 'major', 'school', 'grades', 'club']
                    }
                }
            },
            'required': ['students']
        }
    }
]

# 调用API
response = client.chat.completions.create(
    model='gpt-3.5-turbo',
    messages=[{'role': 'user', 'content': student_description}],
    functions=student_custom_functions,
    function_call='auto'
)

# 解析响应
json_response = json.loads(response.choices[0].message.function_call.arguments)
print(json.dumps(json_response, indent=2))

预期输出 #

{
  "students": [
    {
      "name": "Ravi Patel",
      "major": "computer science",
      "school": "University of Michigan",
      "grades": 3.7,
      "club": "Chess Club, South Asian Student Association"
    },
    {
      "name": "David Nguyen",
      "major": "computer science",
      "school": "Stanford University",
      "grades": 3.8,
      "club": "Robotics Club"
    }
  ]
}

关键修改说明 #

• 将函数参数结构改为包含students数组，明确要求模型返回所有学生
• 修正grades的类型为number（原定义为integer，但GPA是小数，会导致解析错误）
• 添加required字段，确保模型返回所有必填信息

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Tim G