Python项目依赖安装报错：tensorflow==1.12.0版本找不到及解决尝试

在安装TamilChatbot-banking-service项目依赖时，执行pip install -r requirements.txt遇到如下报错：

PS D:\New folder (2)\TamilChatbot-banking-service\Chatbot-banking-service-master\rasa_nlu> pip install -r requirements.txt
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Requirement already satisfied: elasticsearch==6.3.1 in c:\users\abise\appdata\roaming\python\python37\site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 1)) (6.3.1)
Requirement already satisfied: pymongo==3.7.2 in c:\users\abise\appdata\roaming\python\python37\site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 2)) (3.7.2)
Requirement already satisfied: python-crfsuite==0.9.6 in c:\users\abise\appdata\roaming\python\python37\site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 3)) (0.9.6)
Requirement already satisfied: PyYAML==3.13 in c:\users\abise\appdata\roaming\python\python37\site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 4)) (3.13)
Requirement already satisfied: rasa-core==0.13.0 in c:\users\abise\appdata\roaming\python\python37\site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 5)) (0.13.0)
Requirement already satisfied: rasa-core-sdk==0.12.1 in c:\users\abise\appdata\roaming\python\python37\site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 6)) (0.12.1)
Requirement already satisfied: rasa-nlu==0.14.1 in c:\users\abise\appdata\roaming\python\python37\site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 7)) (0.14.1)
Requirement already satisfied: rocketchat-API==0.6.25 in c:\users\abise\appdata\roaming\python\python37\site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 8)) (0.6.25)
Requirement already satisfied: ruamel.yaml==0.15.87 in c:\users\abise\appdata\roaming\python\python37\site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 9)) (0.15.87)
Requirement already satisfied: scikit-learn==0.20.2 in c:\users\abise\appdata\roaming\python\python37\site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 10)) (0.20.2)
Requirement already satisfied: scipy==1.2.0 in c:\users\abise\appdata\roaming\python\python37\site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 11)) (1.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: sklearn-crfsuite==0.3.6 in c:\users\abise\appdata\roaming\python\python37\site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 12)) (0.3.6)
Requirement already satisfied: spacy==2.0.18 in c:\users\abise\appdata\roaming\python\python37\site-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 13)) (2.0.18)
Collecting tensorboard==1.12.2
  Using cached tensorboard-1.12.2-py3-none-any.whl (3.0 MB)
ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement tensorflow==1.12.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 15)) (from versions: 1.13.1, 1.13.2, 1.14.0, 1.15.0, 1.15.2, 1.15.3, 1.15.4, 1.15.5, 2.0.0, 2.0.1, 2.0.2, 2.0.3, 2.0.4, 2.1.0, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.1.4, 2.2.0, 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.2.3, 2.3.0, 2.3.1, 2.3.2, 2.3.3, 2.3.4, 2.4.0, 2.4.1, 2.4.2, 2.4.3, 2.4.4, 2.5.0, 2.5.1, 2.5.2, 2.5.3, 2.6.0rc0, 2.6.0rc1, 2.6.0rc2, 2.6.0, 2.6.1, 2.6.2, 2.6.3, 2.6.4, 2.6.5, 2.7.0rc0, 2.7.0rc1, 2.7.0, 2.7.1, 2.7.2, 2.7.3, 2.7.4, 2.8.0rc0, 2.8.0rc1, 2.8.0, 2.8.1, 2.8.2, 2.8.3, 2.8.4, 2.9.0rc0, 2.9.0rc1, 2.9.0rc2, 2.9.0, 2.9.1, 2.9.2, 2.9.3, 2.10.0rc0, 2.10.0rc1, 2.10.0rc2, 2.10.0rc3, 2.10.0, 2.10.1, 2.11.0rc0, 2.11.0rc1, 2.11.0rc2, 2.11.0)
ERROR: No matching distribution found for tensorflow==1.12.0 (from -r requirements.txt (line 15))

报错核心原因：TensorFlow 1.12.0的官方安装包已从PyPI仓库移除，因此pip无法检索到该版本。

方案一：确认你调整的版本合理性 #

你将requirements.txt中的版本修改为tensorboard==1.12.3和tensorflow==1.13.1是完全合理的，理由如下：

• TensorFlow 1.13.1是1.12.0的直接后续兼容版本，API几乎无破坏性变更，能完美适配项目中依赖的老版本Rasa组件（rasa-nlu==0.14.1、rasa-core==0.13.0）
• TensorBoard 1.12.3与TensorFlow 1.13.1版本兼容，不会出现可视化工具与核心框架不匹配的问题
• 该版本组合仍属于TensorFlow 1.x生态，符合项目的技术栈要求

修改后直接重新执行pip install -r requirements.txt即可完成安装。

方案二：手动安装TensorFlow 1.12.0（不推荐） #

如果项目必须依赖TensorFlow 1.12.0，可以从TensorFlow官方归档仓库下载对应平台的Wheel文件，手动执行安装：

1. 下载对应Python版本和系统的Wheel包（比如Python3.7 Windows 64位版本：tensorflow-1.12.0-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl）
2. 执行安装命令：

pip install tensorflow-1.12.0-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl

注意：该版本已停止官方维护，存在安全风险和潜在兼容性问题，仅在项目强制要求时使用。

方案三：使用虚拟环境隔离依赖 #

为避免全局Python环境的依赖冲突，建议创建独立虚拟环境后安装依赖：

1. 创建虚拟环境：

python -m venv rasa_chatbot_env

2. 激活虚拟环境：

rasa_chatbot_env\Scripts\activate

3. 执行依赖安装（使用修改后的requirements.txt）：

pip install -r requirements.txt

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者abirame selvendran