如何通过编程操作Azure DevOps仓库：创建分支、修改并推送变更？

C# #

使用Azure DevOps .NET SDK（官方提供）可直接对接Azure DevOps REST API，完成分支创建、内容修改与推送操作：

• 创建分支：通过GitHttpClient的CreateRefAsync方法，基于现有分支生成新分支
• 修改并推送内容：借助GitHttpClient的CreatePushAsync方法，结合GitCommitRef和GitChange对象提交文件变更

示例代码片段：

// 初始化客户端
var connection = new VssConnection(new Uri("https://dev.azure.com/your-org"), new VssBasicCredential("", "personal-access-token"));
var gitClient = connection.GetClient<GitHttpClient>();

// 创建新分支
var newRef = new GitRefUpdate()
{
    Name = "refs/heads/new-branch",
    OldObjectId = "existing-branch-sha",
    NewObjectId = "existing-branch-sha" // 基于现有分支创建
};
await gitClient.UpdateRefsAsync(new[] { newRef }, "your-project", "your-repo");

// 提交并推送文件变更
var commit = new GitCommitRef()
{
    Comment = "Automated change",
    Changes = new List<GitChange>()
    {
        new GitChange()
        {
            ChangeType = VersionControlChangeType.Edit,
            Item = new GitItem() { Path = "/path/to/file.txt" },
            NewContent = new ItemContent() { Content = "Updated content", ContentType = ItemContentType.RawText }
        }
    }
};
await gitClient.CreatePushAsync(new GitPush() { Commits = new[] { commit }, RefUpdates = new[] { newRef } }, "your-project", "your-repo");

Go #

推荐使用Azure DevOps Go SDK（官方维护），也可结合go-git库操作Git内容后对接Azure DevOps API：

• 创建分支：调用SDK的Git Refs接口生成新分支
• 修改内容：用go-git克隆仓库（或直接操作远程内容），修改文件后提交推送

示例代码片段（使用官方SDK创建分支）：

package main

import (
    "context"
    "github.com/microsoft/azure-devops-go-api/azuredevops/git"
)

func main() {
    ctx := context.Background()
    connection, _ := git.NewClient(ctx, "https://dev.azure.com/your-org", "personal-access-token")

    // 创建新分支参数
    refUpdate := git.GitRefUpdate{
        Name:         pointer.String("refs/heads/new-branch"),
        OldObjectId:  pointer.String("existing-branch-sha"),
        NewObjectId:  pointer.String("existing-branch-sha"),
    }

    _, err := connection.UpdateRefs(ctx, git.UpdateRefsArgs{
        Project: "your-project",
        RepositoryId: pointer.String("your-repo-id"),
        Refs: []git.GitRefUpdate{refUpdate},
    })
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
}

若需修改文件内容，搭配go-git克隆仓库、修改后推送即可，注意用Azure DevOps个人访问令牌作为Git密码。

Python #

使用官方azure-devops Python包，直接调用API完成全流程操作：

• 安装：pip install azure-devops
• 创建分支：通过git_client.update_refs方法生成新分支
• 修改并推送：通过git_client.create_push提交文件变更

示例代码片段：

from azure.devops.connection import Connection
from azure.devops.v7_1.git.models import GitRefUpdate, GitCommitRef, GitChange, VersionControlChangeType, ItemContent, ItemContentType
from msrest.authentication import BasicAuthentication

# 初始化连接
personal_access_token = 'your-pat'
organization_url = 'https://dev.azure.com/your-org'
credentials = BasicAuthentication('', personal_access_token)
connection = Connection(base_url=organization_url, creds=credentials)
git_client = connection.clients.get_git_client()

# 创建新分支
new_ref = GitRefUpdate(
    name='refs/heads/new-branch',
    old_object_id='existing-branch-sha',
    new_object_id='existing-branch-sha'
)
git_client.update_refs([new_ref], project='your-project', repository_id='your-repo-id')

# 提交文件变更
commit = GitCommitRef(
    comment='Automated change',
    changes=[
        GitChange(
            change_type=VersionControlChangeType.EDIT,
            item={'path': '/path/to/file.txt'},
            new_content=ItemContent(
                content='Updated content',
                content_type=ItemContentType.RAW_TEXT
            )
        )
    ]
)
git_client.create_push(
    push={'commits': [commit], 'ref_updates': [new_ref]},
    project='your-project',
    repository_id='your-repo-id'
)

注意：所有操作需提前获取Azure DevOps个人访问令牌（PAT），并赋予对应Git仓库权限（如分支创建、代码推送等）。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Paras