Specutils导入报错：TypeError: concatenate()收到意外关键字参数'dtype'

问题详情 #

近期在Jupyter Notebook中导入Python的specutils库时触发如下错误：

TypeError: concatenate() got an unexpected keyword argument 'dtype'

尝试安装np.concatenate添加dtype参数之前的旧版numpy，但未解决问题。完整报错堆栈如下：

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
/var/folders/c0/bxk1h7r54tb6c3hllk8gs7nr0000gn/T/ipykernel_3886/2843005521.py in <module>
----> 1 from specutils import Spectrum1D
      2 from specutils import SpectralRegion
      3 from specutils.analysis import equivalent_width
      4 from specutils.fitting import fit_generic_continuum

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/specutils/__init__.py in <module>
     21 
     22 # Allow loading spectrum object from top level module
---> 23 from .spectra import *  # noqa
     24 
     25 # Load the IO functions

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/specutils/spectra/__init__.py in <module>
      3 `~astropy.nddata.NDData`-inherited classes used for storing the spectrum data.
      4 """
----> 5 from .spectrum1d import *  # noqa
      6 from .spectral_region import *  # noqa
      7 from .spectrum_collection import *  # noqa

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/specutils/spectra/spectrum1d.py in <module>
     13 from ..utils.wcs_utils import gwcs_from_array
     14 
---> 15 from ndcube import NDCube
     16 
     17 __all__ = ['Spectrum1D']

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/ndcube/__init__.py in <module>
     28 from .global_coords import GlobalCoords
     29 from .ndcollection import NDCollection
---> 30 from .ndcube import NDCube
     31 from .ndcube_sequence import NDCubeSequence
     32 from .version import version as __version__

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/ndcube/ndcube.py in <module>
     13 try:
     14     # Import sunpy coordinates if available to register the frames and WCS functions with astropy
---> 15     import sunpy.coordinates  # pylint: disable=unused-import  # NOQA
     16 except ImportError:
     17     pass

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sunpy/coordinates/__init__.py in <module>
     19 """
     20 
---> 21 from . import sun
     22 from .ephemeris import *
     23 from .frames import *

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sunpy/coordinates/sun.py in <module>
     32 from .ephemeris import get_earth
     33 from .frames import HeliographicStonyhurst
---> 34 from .transformations import _SOLAR_NORTH_POLE_HCRS, _SUN_DETILT_MATRIX
     35 
     36 __author__ = "Albert Y. Shih"

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sunpy/coordinates/transformations.py in <module>
    645 
    646 # Calculate the rotation matrix to de-tilt the Sun's rotation axis to be parallel to the Z axis
---> 647 _SUN_DETILT_MATRIX = _rotation_matrix_reprs_to_reprs(_SOLAR_NORTH_POLE_HCRS,
    648                                                      CartesianRepresentation(0, 0, 1))
    649 

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/sunpy/coordinates/transformations.py in _rotation_matrix_reprs_to_reprs(start_representation, end_representation)
    595     A = start_representation.to_cartesian()
    596     B = end_representation.to_cartesian()
---> 597     rotation_axis = A.cross(B)
    598     rotation_angle = -np.arccos(A.dot(B) / (A.norm() * B.norm()))  # negation is required
    599 

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/astropy/coordinates/representation.py in cross(self, other)

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/astropy/coordinates/representation.py in get_xyz(self, xyz_axis)

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/overrides.py in stack(*args, **kwargs)

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/astropy/units/quantity.py in __array_function__(self, function, types, args, kwargs)
   1681             # If, e.g., we are casting float to int, we want to fail if
   1682             # precision is lost, but let things pass if it works.
-> 1683             _value = np.array(_value, copy=False, subok=True)
   1684             if not np.can_cast(_value.dtype, self.dtype):
   1685                 self_dtype_array = np.array(_value, self.dtype, subok=True)

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/shape_base.py in stack(arrays, axis, out, dtype, casting)
    469 def _block_format_index(index):
    470     """
---> 471     Convert a list of indices ``[0, 1, 2]`` into ``"arrays[0][1][2]"``.
    472     """
    473     idx_str = ''.join('[{}]'.format(i) for i in index if i is not None)

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/numpy/core/overrides.py in concatenate(*args, **kwargs)

~/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/site-packages/astropy/units/quantity.py in __array_function__(self, function, types, args, kwargs)
   1686                 if not np.all((self_dtype_array == _value) | np.isnan(_value)):
   1687                     raise TypeError(
-> 1688                         "cannot convert value type to array type without precision loss"
   1689                     )
   1690 

TypeError: concatenate() got an unexpected keyword argument 'dtype'

解决方法 #

• 检查并同步依赖版本
  该错误源于specutils、astropy、sunpy、numpy等库的版本不兼容，单独降级numpy无法解决问题。先查看当前环境的依赖版本：

  pip show specutils astropy sunpy ndcube numpy
  

  根据specutils官方文档的版本要求，安装互相兼容的依赖组合。例如specutils 1.x通常需要astropy 4.0+、numpy 1.21+，且sunpy版本需与astropy匹配。

• 重新安装完整依赖链
  卸载冲突库后，使用specutils的完整安装包自动拉取兼容依赖：

  pip uninstall -y specutils astropy sunpy ndcube numpy
  pip install specutils[all]
  

• 使用虚拟环境隔离
  若当前环境有其他项目的依赖冲突，创建独立虚拟环境：

  python -m venv specutils_env
  # Windows系统激活命令：specutils_env\Scripts\activate
  source specutils_env/bin/activate
  pip install specutils jupyter
  

• 升级astropy修复参数传递问题
  报错显示astropy的Quantity类调用numpy concatenate时传递了不支持的dtype参数，升级astropy到兼容版本可解决：

  pip install --upgrade astropy
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者perii