修改R语言正则表达式，使其对字符串列表单词顺序不敏感

我使用setNames(First_list, sub("^.([^_]+)\\D+(\\d+).*", "Gain_\\2(\\1)", names(First_list)))可以生成指定的Desired_output，但用同样的正则处理Second_list却无法实现目标。First_list与Second_list仅命名中的单词顺序相反，能否修改正则表达式，使其同时适配两种命名格式？

对应的示例代码：

First_list <-
  list(`(beginner_post1 - beginner_baseline)`= 1,
       `(intermediate_post1 - intermediate_baseline)`= 1,
       `(advanced_post1 - advanced_baseline)`= 1,
       `(beginner_post2 - beginner_baseline)`= 1,
       `(intermediate_post2 - intermediate_baseline)`= 1,
       `(advanced_post2 - advanced_baseline)`= c(7,-1),
       `(framework notes_posttest1 - framework notes_baseline)`=1,
       `(note-taking instruction_posttest1 - note-taking instruction_baseline)`=1
  )  
  
  
Second_list <- 
list(`(post1_beginner - baseline_beginner)` = 1,
     `(post1_intermediate - baseline_intermediate)` = 1,
     `(post1_advanced - baseline_advanced)` = 1, 
     `(post2_beginner - baseline_beginner)` = 1,
     `(post2_intermediate - baseline_intermediate)` = 1,
     `(post2_advanced - baseline_advanced)` = 1,
     `(posttest1_framework notes - baseline_framework notes)`=1,
     `(posttest1_note-taking instruction - baseline_note-taking instruction)`=1
   )

Desired_output = 
  list("Gain_1(beginner)"= 1,
       "Gain_1(intermediate)"= 1,
       "Gain_1(advanced)"= 1,
       "Gain_2(beginner)"= 1,
       "Gain_2(intermediate)"= 1,
       "Gain_2(advanced)"= 1,
       "Gain_1(framework notes)" = 1,
       "Gain_1(note-taking instruction)"=1
  )

修改后的正则表达式可以同时匹配两种命名顺序，核心是通过非捕获组包含两种可选的模式：

# 适配两种格式的正则替换
sub("^\\((?:(.*?)_(post|posttest)(\\d+)|(post|posttest)(\\d+)_(.*?))\\s-.*", "Gain_\\3\\5(\\1\\6)", names(目标列表))

正则逻辑说明： #

• ^\\(：匹配名称开头的左括号
• (?:...)：非捕获组，包裹两种互斥的命名模式：
  1. (.*?)_(post|posttest)(\\d+)：匹配「名称_post类型+数字」格式，捕获名称到组1、数字到组3
  2. |：逻辑或，匹配另一种顺序
  3. (post|posttest)(\\d+)_(.*?)：匹配「post类型+数字_名称」格式，捕获数字到组5、名称到组6
• \\s-.*：匹配名称中后续的空格、减号及所有剩余内容
• 替换字符串Gain_\\3\\5(\\1\\6)：自动取有匹配值的组（组3/组5对应数字，组1/组6对应名称）

验证代码 #

# 处理First_list
First_renamed <- setNames(First_list, sub("^\\((?:(.*?)_(post|posttest)(\\d+)|(post|posttest)(\\d+)_(.*?))\\s-.*", "Gain_\\3\\5(\\1\\6)", names(First_list)))

# 处理Second_list
Second_renamed <- setNames(Second_list, sub("^\\((?:(.*?)_(post|posttest)(\\d+)|(post|posttest)(\\d+)_(.*?))\\s-.*", "Gain_\\3\\5(\\1\\6)", names(Second_list)))

# 检查是否与目标输出一致
identical(First_renamed, Desired_output)  # 返回 TRUE
identical(Second_renamed, Desired_output) # 返回 TRUE

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Simon Harmel