Node.js ERR_MODULE_NOT_FOUND错误：无法导入指定notes控制器模块

算力阿峰

2026-6-29

解决Node.js ERR_MODULE_NOT_FOUND 模块找不到问题

错误场景

错误 [ERR_MODULE_NOT_FOUND]：无法找到从C:\My Work\mern-notes-app\server\routes\notes.js导入的模块'C:\My Work\mern-notes-app\server\controllers\notes'

routes/notes.js 代码

import express from "express";
const router =  express.Router()
import {getNotes} from '../controllers/notes';

controllers/notes 文件内容

export const getNotes = (req , res) => {
  res.send("Get all notes")
}

完整错误堆栈

错误 [ERR_MODULE_NOT_FOUND]：无法找到从C:\My Work\mern-notes-app\server\routes\notes.js导入的模块'C:\My Work\mern-notes-app\server\controllers\notes'
    at new NodeError (node:internal/errors:406:5)
    at finalizeResolution (node:internal/modules/esm/resolve:233:11)
    at moduleResolve (node:internal/modules/esm/resolve:845:10)
    at defaultResolve (node:internal/modules/esm/resolve:1043:11)
    at ModuleLoader.defaultResolve (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:383:12)
    at ModuleLoader.resolve (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:352:25)
    at ModuleLoader.getModuleJob (node:internal/modules/esm/loader:228:38)
    at ModuleWrap.<anonymous> (node:internal/modules/esm/module_job:85:39)
    at link (node:internal/modules/esm/module_job:84:36) {
  url: 'file:///C:/My%20Work/mern-notes-app/server/controllers/notes',
  code: 'ERR_MODULE_NOT_FOUND'
}

解决方案

添加文件后缀名：Node.js ES模块（ESM）要求导入时必须指定完整后缀，将导入语句修改为：
```
import {getNotes} from '../controllers/notes.js';
```
确认文件存在性：检查server/controllers目录下是否存在notes.js文件，注意文件名大小写（即使Windows系统不区分大小写，ESM模式下可能严格匹配）。
验证ESM配置：确保项目根目录的package.json中包含"type": "module"字段，否则Node.js会以CommonJS模式解析，导致ESM语法不兼容。