如何在macOS的Visual Code中运行Windows开发的ASP.NET Core项目

问题概述 #

我使用Windows系统的Visual Studio开发ASP.NET C#项目已有多年，近期购入MacBook Pro后，安装了Visual Code及SDK，但无论是通过终端还是调试功能均无法运行项目。IIS无异常，但出现Microsoft.WebApplication.Targets或csc相关报错。已配置json文件，但仍存在targets错误，需要在macOS上运行该Windows项目的分步指导。

项目文件片段 #

<PropertyGroup>
  <VisualStudioVersion Condition="'$(VisualStudioVersion)' == ''">10.0</VisualStudioVersion>
  <VSToolsPath Condition="'$(VSToolsPath)' == ''">$(MSBuildExtensionsPath32)\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v$(VisualStudioVersion)</VSToolsPath>
</PropertyGroup>
<Import Project="$(MSBuildBinPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets" />
<!--<Import Project="$(VSToolsPath)\WebApplications\Microsoft.WebApplication.targets" Condition="'$(VSToolsPath)' != ''" />-->
<!--<Import Project="$(MSBuildExtensionsPath32)\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v10.0\WebApplications\Microsoft.WebApplication.targets" Condition="false" />-->
<ProjectExtensions>
  <VisualStudio>
    <FlavorProperties GUID="{349c5851-65df-11da-9384-00065b846f21}">
      <WebProjectProperties>
        <UseIIS>True</UseIIS>
        <AutoAssignPort>True</AutoAssignPort>
        <DevelopmentServerPort>1830</DevelopmentServerPort>
        <DevelopmentServerVPath>/</DevelopmentServerVPath>
        <IISUrl>http://localhost:1830/</IISUrl>
        <NTLMAuthentication>False</NTLMAuthentication>
        <UseCustomServer>False</UseCustomServer>
        <CustomServerUrl>
        </CustomServerUrl>
        <SaveServerSettingsInUserFile>False</SaveServerSettingsInUserFile>
      </WebProjectProperties>
    </FlavorProperties>
  </VisualStudio>
</ProjectExtensions>
<Target Name="EnsureNuGetPackageBuildImports" BeforeTargets="PrepareForBuild">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <ErrorText>This project references NuGet package(s) that are missing on this computer. Use NuGet Package Restore to download them.  For more information, see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=322105. The missing file is {0}.</ErrorText>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <Error Condition="!Exists('..\packages\Microsoft.Net.Compilers.1.0.0\build\Microsoft.Net.Compilers.props')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '..\packages\Microsoft.Net.Compilers.1.0.0\build\Microsoft.Net.Compilers.props'))" />
  <Error Condition="!Exists('..\packages\Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.1.0.0\build\Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.props')" Text="$([System.String]::Format('$(ErrorText)', '..\packages\Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.1.0.0\build\Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.props'))" />
</Target>
<!-- To modify your build process, add your task inside one of the targets below and uncomment it. 
     Other similar extension points exist, see Microsoft.Common.targets.
<Target Name="BeforeBuild">
</Target>
<Target Name="AfterBuild">
</Target>
-->
</Project>

分步解决方案 #

1. 确认项目类型与.NET环境 #

• 如果你的项目是传统.NET Framework（非Core）：macOS原生不支持完整的.NET Framework，需安装Mono来兼容，优先推荐迁移到.NET 6+（跨平台）。
• 如果是ASP.NET Core：确保安装了对应版本的.NET SDK，在终端执行dotnet --version确认版本匹配。

2. 修复Microsoft.WebApplication.Targets缺失 #

这个文件是Windows Visual Studio专属组件，macOS没有，通过NuGet安装替代包：

1. 打开终端，进入项目根目录，执行：

   dotnet add package Microsoft.WebApplication.targets
   

2. 修改项目文件（.csproj），注释掉原有的VSToolsPath配置，替换为NuGet包导入：

   <!-- 注释掉原有PropertyGroup -->
   <!--
   <PropertyGroup>
     <VisualStudioVersion Condition="'$(VisualStudioVersion)' == ''">10.0</VisualStudioVersion>
     <VSToolsPath Condition="'$(VSToolsPath)' == ''">$(MSBuildExtensionsPath32)\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v$(VisualStudioVersion)</VSToolsPath>
   </PropertyGroup>
   -->
   <!-- 添加NuGet包的targets导入 -->
   <Import Project="../packages/Microsoft.WebApplication.targets.*\build\Microsoft.WebApplication.targets" Condition="Exists('../packages/Microsoft.WebApplication.targets.*\build\Microsoft.WebApplication.targets')" />
   

3. 修复NuGet包路径与还原 #

• 项目文件里的Windows风格路径\替换为macOS的/，比如把..\packages改成../packages
• 在终端执行包还原命令：

  dotnet restore
  

• 如果仍有Microsoft.Net.Compilers相关错误，更新该包到兼容macOS的版本：

  dotnet add package Microsoft.Net.Compilers --version 4.8.0
  dotnet add package Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform --version 4.8.0
  

4. 替换IIS为Kestrel服务器 #

macOS没有IIS，修改项目文件里的Web配置：

<WebProjectProperties>
  <UseIIS>False</UseIIS>
  <UseCustomServer>True</UseCustomServer>
  <CustomServerUrl>http://localhost:5000/</CustomServerUrl>
  <!-- 保留其他必要配置 -->
  <AutoAssignPort>True</AutoAssignPort>
  <DevelopmentServerPort>5000</DevelopmentServerPort>
  <DevelopmentServerVPath>/</DevelopmentServerVPath>
  <NTLMAuthentication>False</NTLMAuthentication>
  <SaveServerSettingsInUserFile>False</SaveServerSettingsInUserFile>
</WebProjectProperties>

5. 配置VS Code调试与编译 #

1. 生成launch.json：在VS Code中按F5，选择.NET环境，自动生成配置后，修改program路径为编译后的dll路径，示例：

   {
     "version": "0.2.0",
     "configurations": [
       {
         "name": ".NET Core Launch (web)",
         "type": "coreclr",
         "request": "launch",
         "preLaunchTask": "build",
         "program": "${workspaceFolder}/bin/Debug/net6.0/YourProjectName.dll",
         "args": [],
         "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
         "stopAtEntry": false,
         "serverReadyAction": {
           "action": "openExternally",
           "pattern": "\\bNow listening on:\\s+(https?://\\S+)"
         },
         "env": {
           "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "Development"
         },
         "sourceFileMap": {
           "/Views": "${workspaceFolder}/Views"
         }
       }
     ]
   }
   

2. 生成tasks.json：确保编译任务正确，示例：

   {
     "version": "2.0.0",
     "tasks": [
       {
         "label": "build",
         "command": "dotnet",
         "type": "process",
         "args": [
           "build",
           "${workspaceFolder}/YourProjectName.csproj",
           "/property:GenerateFullPaths=true",
           "/consoleloggerparameters:NoSummary"
         ],
         "problemMatcher": "$msCompile"
       }
     ]
   }
   

6. 测试运行 #

• 在终端执行dotnet build确认编译无错误
• 执行dotnet run启动项目，访问配置的http://localhost:5000测试

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者YASER AZARI MOGHANJUGHI