使用pyautogui的locateCenterOnScreen无法定位屏幕图片求助

问题场景 #

使用PyAutoGUI的locateCenterOnScreen()方法获取Chrome图标坐标时，抛出ImageNotFoundException，无法找到目标图片。

问题代码 #

import pyautogui
pyautogui.FAILSAFE = False

pyautogui.moveTo(0, 0, duration=0)
# pyautogui.click(x=650, y=850, clicks=1, interval=0, button='left', duration=1) # Chrome
x, y = pyautogui.locateCenterOnScreen("resources/chrome.png")
pyautogui.click(x=x, y=y, clicks=1, interval=0, button='left', duration=1)

相关资源 #

• 目标查找图片（Chrome图标）：
  
• macOS屏幕截图：
  

报错信息 #

>>> pyautogui.locateCenterOnScreen("resources/chrome.png")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/victorcosta/.asdf/installs/python/3.11.3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pyautogui/__init__.py", line 172, in wrapper
    return wrappedFunction(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/victorcosta/.asdf/installs/python/3.11.3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pyautogui/__init__.py", line 204, in locateCenterOnScreen
    return pyscreeze.locateCenterOnScreen(*args, **kwargs)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/victorcosta/.asdf/installs/python/3.11.3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pyscreeze/__init__.py", line 447, in locateCenterOnScreen
    coords = locateOnScreen(image, **kwargs)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/victorcosta/.asdf/installs/python/3.11.3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pyscreeze/__init__.py", line 405, in locateOnScreen
    retVal = locate(image, screenshotIm, **kwargs)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/victorcosta/.asdf/installs/python/3.11.3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pyscreeze/__init__.py", line 383, in locate
    points = tuple(locateAll(needleImage, haystackImage, **kwargs))
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Users/victorcosta/.asdf/installs/python/3.11.3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pyscreeze/__init__.py", line 371, in _locateAll_pillow
    raise ImageNotFoundException('Could not locate the image.')
pyscreeze.ImageNotFoundException: Could not locate the image.

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/Users/victorcosta/.asdf/installs/python/3.11.3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pyautogui/__init__.py", line 174, in wrapper
    raise ImageNotFoundException  # Raise PyAutoGUI's ImageNotFoundException.
    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
pyautogui.ImageNotFoundException

解决方法 #

1. 验证图片路径 #

先确认目标图片路径正确，用绝对路径排查文件是否存在：

import os
image_path = os.path.abspath("resources/chrome.png")
if not os.path.exists(image_path):
    print("图片文件不存在，请检查路径")

2. 适配Retina屏幕 #

MacOS Retina屏幕的截图分辨率是实际显示的2倍，需保证目标图片是从当前屏幕截取的，或者限定查找范围缩小检索区域：

# 限定查找区域为屏幕底部Dock区域（可根据自己屏幕尺寸调整参数）
x, y = pyautogui.locateCenterOnScreen("resources/chrome.png", region=(0, 800, 1920, 200))

3. 降低匹配精度 #

安装opencv-python后，通过confidence参数降低匹配精度，允许微小像素差异：

pip install opencv-python

x, y = pyautogui.locateCenterOnScreen("resources/chrome.png", confidence=0.8)

4. 检查图片一致性 #

确保目标图片与屏幕上的图标尺寸、像素完全一致，避免截图时的拉伸、压缩或颜色偏差。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Victor Cordeiro Costa