重装Flutter后新建Android项目无法编译，旧项目编译耗时增加

问题现象 #

• 重装Flutter稳定版3.19.2后，旧项目可正常编译，但编译耗时较之前大幅上升
• 新建项目在Windows、Web平台编译无问题，Android平台编译失败，核心报错为org/jetbrains/kotlin/config/LanguageVersion
• 删除项目的android文件夹后，通过flutter create --platform android .重建，错误依旧
• Flutter Doctor检测所有环境均正常，但新建项目的根目录build.gradle内容异常简短

编译报错日志 #

Launching lib\main.dart on sdk gphone64 x86 64 in debug mode...

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* Where:
Build file 'C:\Dev\flutter_application_1\android\build.gradle' line: 13

* What went wrong:
A problem occurred evaluating root project 'android'.
> Build completed with 1 failures.
   > org/jetbrains/kotlin/config/LanguageVersion

* Try:
> Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
> Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 6s
Error: Gradle task assembleDebug failed with exit code 1

Exited (1).

异常的根build.gradle内容 #

allprojects {
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }
}

rootProject.buildDir = '../build'
subprojects {
    project.buildDir = "${rootProject.buildDir}/${project.name}"
}
subprojects {
    project.evaluationDependsOn(':app')
}

tasks.register("clean", Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

解决方案 #

1. 修复根目录build.gradle配置 #

正常的Flutter项目根android/build.gradle需要包含buildscript块，指定gradle插件和kotlin版本，补充以下内容到文件开头：

buildscript {
    ext.kotlin_version = '1.9.20' // 与Flutter 3.19.2兼容的kotlin版本
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }

    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:8.2.0'
        classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version"
    }
}

补充后完整的build.gradle示例：

buildscript {
    ext.kotlin_version = '1.9.20'
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }

    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:8.2.0'
        classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version"
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }
}

rootProject.buildDir = '../build'
subprojects {
    project.buildDir = "${rootProject.buildDir}/${project.name}"
}
subprojects {
    project.evaluationDependsOn(':app')
}

tasks.register("clean", Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

2. 匹配gradle wrapper版本 #

打开android/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties，确保distributionUrl对应gradle 8.2版本：

distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
distributionPath=wrapper/dists
distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.2-all.zip
zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
zipStorePath=wrapper/dists

3. 清理缓存并重新构建 #

• 执行命令：flutter clean
• 删除项目的android/.gradle文件夹
• 执行：flutter pub get
• 重新尝试编译：flutter run

针对旧项目编译耗时增加的处理 #

• 启用Android Studio的gradle离线模式（路径：File > Settings > Build, Execution, Deployment > Build Tools > Gradle > 勾选Offline work）
• 检查本地maven仓库（默认路径C:\Users\<你的用户名>\.m2\repository）是否完整，确保依赖无需重新下载
• 执行flutter clean后重新构建，触发gradle缓存重建

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Aprendendo Next