如何在Amazon Linux 2 arm64实例上成功安装geopandas？

在arm64架构的Amazon Linux 2 EC2实例中执行pip install geopandas时安装失败，核心原因是Geopandas依赖的Fiona需要GDAL，但系统中未找到gdal-config工具，导致无法获取GDAL API版本信息。

安装报错信息： #

pip install geopandas
Collecting geopandas
  Downloading geopandas-0.10.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl.metadata (935 bytes)
Collecting pandas>=0.25.0 (from geopandas)
  Downloading pandas-1.3.5-cp37-cp37m-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl.metadata (12 kB)
Collecting shapely>=1.6 (from geopandas)
  Downloading shapely-2.0.3-cp37-cp37m-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl.metadata (7.0 kB)
Collecting fiona>=1.8 (from geopandas)
  Downloading fiona-1.9.5.tar.gz (409 kB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 409.3/409.3 kB 9.0 MB/s eta 0:00:00
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... error
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error

  × Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> [4 lines of output]
      /tmp/pip-install-_c7449ly/fiona_e22cd934b7ad4d2e824ee7831b133267/setup.py:86: DeprecationWarning: The 'warn' function is deprecated, use 'warning' instead
        logging.warn("Failed to get options via gdal-config: %s", str(e))
      WARNING:root:Failed to get options via gdal-config: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'gdal-config': 'gdal-config'
      CRITICAL:root:A GDAL API version must be specified. Provide a path to gdal-config using a GDAL_CONFIG environment variable or use a GDAL_VERSION environment variable.
      [end of output]

  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× Getting requirements to build wheel did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.

系统版本信息： #

cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Amazon Linux"
VERSION="2"
ID="amzn"
ID_LIKE="centos rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="2"
PRETTY_NAME="Amazon Linux 2"
ANSI_COLOR="0;33"
CPE_NAME="cpe:2.3:o:amazon:amazon_linux:2"
HOME_URL="https://amazonlinux.com/"
SUPPORT_END="2025-06-30"

疑问：是否有人成功在该环境下安装过Geopandas？尝试安装GDAL时依赖安装失败，是否必须从源码编译？

解决方案 #

通过源码编译PROJ和GDAL来满足Fiona的依赖需求，执行以下命令：

dnf -y install wget gcc-c++ cpp sqlite-devel libtiff cmake python3-pip \
    python-devel openssl-devel tcl libtiff-devel libcurl-devel \
    swig libpng-devel libjpeg-turbo-devel expat-devel \
&& dnf clean all \
&& pip3 install setuptools numpy \
&& wget https://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-9.3.1.tar.gz \
&& tar zxvf proj-9.3.1.tar.gz \
&& cd proj-9.3.1/ \
&& mkdir build  \
&& cd build  \
&& cmake .. \
&& cmake --build . --parallel $(nproc)  \
&& cmake --install . --prefix /usr  \
&& cd ~  \
&& wget https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/releases/download/v3.8.3/gdal-3.8.3.tar.gz  \
&& tar xvzf gdal-3.8.3.tar.gz  \
&& cd gdal-3.8.3/  \
&& mkdir build  \
&& cd build  \
&& cmake -DGDAL_BUILD_OPTIONAL_DRIVERS=OFF -DOGR_BUILD_OPTIONAL_DRIVERS=OFF .. \
&& cmake --build . --parallel $(nproc)  \
&& cmake --install . --prefix /usr

编译完成后，再次执行pip install geopandas即可完成安装。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Jordan Laser