Python Telegram Bot无法接收Web Mini App数据求助

问题描述 #

我正在开发一款Python Telegram Bot，功能是接收Web Mini App的数据：用户点击小程序按钮后数据发送至Bot，再转发到Discord Webhook。已按官方文档配置Bot与小程序通信，在BotFather中关闭群组消息隐私权限，但点击小程序「Envoyer le texte」按钮后，Bot未接收数据，无报错且handle_message函数未触发。

相关代码如下：

bot.py #

from telegram import Update, InlineKeyboardButton, InlineKeyboardMarkup, WebAppInfo
from telegram.ext import Application, CommandHandler, MessageHandler, ContextTypes, filters
import logging
import json
import httpx
from datetime import datetime

logging.basicConfig(format='%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s', level=logging.INFO)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

TOKEN = ""
DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL = ""
MINI_APP_URL=""

# Discord
async def send_message_to_discord(order_data):
    try:
        async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
            response = await client.post(DISCORD_WEBHOOK_URL, json={"content": json.dumps(order_data, indent=4), "username": "Test Bot"})
            logger.info(f"Discord response: Status {response.status_code}, Body {response.text}")
    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(f"Failed to send message to Discord: {e}")

# /start
async def start(update: Update, context: ContextTypes.DEFAULT_TYPE) -> None:
    keyboard = [[InlineKeyboardButton("Commander", web_app=WebAppInfo(url=MINI_APP_URL))]]
    reply_markup = InlineKeyboardMarkup(keyboard)
    await context.bot.send_message(chat_id=update.effective_chat.id, text='Welcome', reply_markup=reply_markup)

# Mini App data processing
async def handle_message(update: Update, context: ContextTypes.DEFAULT_TYPE) -> None:
    message = update.effective_message
    if message.web_app_data:
        data = json.loads(message.web_app_data.data)
        send_message_to_discord(data)
    else:
        logger.info("Received a message that doesn't contain web_app_data")

# launch app
def main():
    application = Application.builder().token(TOKEN).build()
    application.add_handler(CommandHandler("start", start))
    application.add_handler(MessageHandler(filters.TEXT & ~filters.COMMAND, handle_message))
    application.run_polling()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

index.html #

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="fr">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Test Mini App</title>
    <script src="https://telegram.org/js/telegram-web-app.js"></script>
    <style>
        body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; display: flex; justify-content: center; align-items: center; height: 100vh; margin: 0; }
        .container { text-align: center; }
        input, button { margin-top: 20px; padding: 10px; font-size: 16px; }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <h2>Welcome</h2>
    <p>Type Text :</p>
    <input type="text" id="deliveryOption" placeholder="Entrez l'option de livraison ici">
    <br>
    <button id="sendOrder">Envoyer le texte</button>
</div>

<script>
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
    const sendOrderButton = document.getElementById('sendOrder');
    const deliveryOption = document.getElementById('deliveryOption');

    sendOrderButton.addEventListener('click', function() {
        const orderData = {
            delivery: deliveryOption.value.trim(),
        };

        if(orderData.delivery) {
            // Envoie les données au bot Telegram
            Telegram.WebApp.sendData(JSON.stringify(orderData));
        } else {
            alert("Veuillez entrer une option de livraison.");
        }
    });
    Telegram.WebApp.ready();
});
</script>
</body>
</html>

解决方案 #

1. 修正消息过滤器类型 #

Web Mini App发送的数据不属于普通文本消息，原过滤器filters.TEXT & ~filters.COMMAND无法匹配，导致handle_message不触发。需改用专门的Web App数据过滤器：

# 替换原MessageHandler的过滤器
application.add_handler(MessageHandler(filters.StatusUpdate.WEB_APP_DATA, handle_message))

2. 补充异步函数的await关键字 #

调用异步函数send_message_to_discord时未加await，会导致函数无法正确执行，且异常无法被日志捕获：

async def handle_message(update: Update, context: ContextTypes.DEFAULT_TYPE) -> None:
    message = update.effective_message
    if message.web_app_data:
        data = json.loads(message.web_app_data.data)
        await send_message_to_discord(data)  # 添加await
    else:
        logger.info("Received a message that doesn't contain web_app_data")

3. 验证Mini App域名配置 #

确认BotFather中已正确配置Web App的域名：

• 发送/mybots选择目标Bot
• 进入Bot Settings -> Web App
• 添加部署Mini App的HTTPS域名（localhost仅支持开发测试）

4. 增加日志排查 #

在handle_message开头添加日志，确认函数是否被触发：

async def handle_message(update: Update, context: ContextTypes.DEFAULT_TYPE) -> None:
    logger.info("handle_message function triggered")  # 添加日志
    message = update.effective_message
    # 后续代码...

5. 调整Web App初始化顺序 #

将Telegram.WebApp.ready()移到事件监听前，避免潜在的初始化延迟问题：

document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {
    const sendOrderButton = document.getElementById('sendOrder');
    const deliveryOption = document.getElementById('deliveryOption');

    Telegram.WebApp.ready();  // 移到事件监听之前

    sendOrderButton.addEventListener('click', function() {
        const orderData = {
            delivery: deliveryOption.value.trim(),
        };

        if(orderData.delivery) {
            Telegram.WebApp.sendData(JSON.stringify(orderData));
        } else {
            alert("Veuillez entrer une option de livraison.");
        }
    });
});

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者HARPONNAIT