Spring配置HibernateTemplate触发上下文初始化异常求助

问题描述 #

使用Java配置HibernateTemplate Bean时触发上下文初始化异常，数据库表已成功创建，但Bean配置存在问题，核心异常为org.hibernate.criterion.Criterion类未找到，已尝试更换Hibernate依赖版本但无效。

相关代码 #

1. Student实体类 #

package com.spring.orm.Entity;

import jakarta.persistence.Column;
import jakarta.persistence.Entity;
import jakarta.persistence.Id;
import jakarta.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name = "student")
public class Student {

    @Id
    @Column(name = "student_id")
    private long studentId;
    @Column(name = "student_name")
    private String studentName;
    @Column(name = "student_city")
    private String studentCity;
    
    public long getStudentId() {
        return studentId;
    }
    public void setStudentId(long studentId) {
        this.studentId = studentId;
    }
    public String getStudentName() {
        return studentName;
    }
    public void setStudentName(String studentName) {
        this.studentName = studentName;
    }
    public String getStudentCity() {
        return studentCity;
    }
    public void setStudentCity(String studentCity) {
        this.studentCity = studentCity;
    }
    public Student() {
    }
    public Student(long studentId, String studentName, String studentCity) {
        this.studentId = studentId;
        this.studentName = studentName;
        this.studentCity = studentCity;
    }

}

2. Student Dao接口 #

package com.spring.orm.Dao;

import com.spring.orm.Entity.Student;

public interface StudentDao {
    public Student insert(Student student);
}

3. Student Dao实现类 #

package com.spring.orm.Dao.Impl;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTemplate;

import com.spring.orm.Dao.StudentDao;
import com.spring.orm.Entity.Student;

public class StudentDaoImpl implements StudentDao{

    @Autowired
    private HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate;
    
    @Override
    public Student insert(Student student) {
        Student st = (Student) hibernateTemplate.save(student);
        return st;
    }
}

4. Hibernate配置类 #

package com.spring.orm.Config;

import java.util.Properties;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTemplate;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;

import com.spring.orm.Dao.Impl.StudentDaoImpl;

@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
public class HibernateConfig {

    @Bean
    public Properties getHibernateProperties(){
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.setProperty("hibernate.dialect", "org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL8Dialect");
        properties.setProperty("hibernate.show_sql", "true");
        properties.setProperty("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto", "update");
        System.out.println("Configured Hibernate properties");
        return properties;
    }
    
    @Bean
    public DriverManagerDataSource getDataSource(){
        DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
        dataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
        dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springjdbc");
        dataSource.setUsername("root");
        dataSource.setPassword("qwsx##HG##123");
        System.out.println("Configured datasource");
        return dataSource;
    }
    
    @Bean
    public LocalSessionFactoryBean getSessionFactory(){
        LocalSessionFactoryBean sessionFactory = new LocalSessionFactoryBean();
        sessionFactory.setDataSource(getDataSource());
        sessionFactory.setHibernateProperties(getHibernateProperties());
        sessionFactory.setPackagesToScan("com.spring.orm.Entity");
        System.out.println("Configured session factory");
        return sessionFactory;
    }
    
    @Bean(name = "hibernateTemplate")
    public HibernateTemplate getHibernateTemplate(){
        HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplateObj = new HibernateTemplate();
        hibernateTemplateObj.setSessionFactory(getSessionFactory().getObject());
        return hibernateTemplateObj;
    }
    
    @Bean
    public HibernateTransactionManager transactionManager() {
        HibernateTransactionManager transactionManager = new HibernateTransactionManager();
        transactionManager.setSessionFactory(getSessionFactory().getObject());
        return transactionManager;
    }
    
    @Bean(name = "studentImpl")
    public StudentDaoImpl getStudentDao(){
        StudentDaoImpl studentDaoImpl = new StudentDaoImpl();
        return studentDaoImpl;
    }
}

5. 启动类App.java #

package com.spring.orm;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

import com.spring.orm.Config.HibernateConfig;
import com.spring.orm.Dao.StudentDao;
import com.spring.orm.Entity.Student;

public class App
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        System.out.println( "Application started!" );

        ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(HibernateConfig.class);
        StudentDao stDaoObj = context.getBean("studentImpl", StudentDao.class);
    
        Student st = new Student();
    
        st.setStudentId(44);
        st.setStudentName("Harshit Gupta");
        st.setStudentCity("Karera");
    
        stDaoObj.insert(st);
    }
}

6. Pom.xml依赖 #

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
      <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
      <groupId>com.spring.orm</groupId>
      <artifactId>springorm</artifactId>
      <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
      <packaging>jar</packaging>
    
      <name>springorm</name>
      <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
    
      <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
      </properties>
    
      <dependencies>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
          <version>6.1.3</version>
        </dependency>
    
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
          <version>6.1.3</version>
        </dependency>
    
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
          <version>6.1.3</version>
        </dependency>
    
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.hibernate.orm</groupId>
          <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
          <version>6.1.7.Final</version>
        </dependency>
    
        <dependency>
          <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId>
          <artifactId>tomcat-dbcp</artifactId>
          <version>9.0.80</version>
      </dependency>
    
        <dependency>
          <groupId>com.mysql</groupId>
          <artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId>
          <version>8.3.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>junit</groupId>
          <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.1</version>
          <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
      </dependencies>
</project>

异常信息 #

Application started! Configured Hibernate properties Configured datasource Configured session factory 
Mar 10, 2024 9:04:26 AM org.hibernate.Version logVersion 
INFO: HHH000412: Hibernate ORM core version 6.1.5.Final 
Mar 10, 2024 9:04:27 AM org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.dialect.internal.DialectFactoryImpl logSelectedDialect 
INFO: HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL8Dialect 
Mar 10, 2024 9:04:27 AM org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.dialect.internal.DialectFactoryImpl logSelectedDialect 
WARN: HHH90000026: MySQL8Dialect has been deprecated; use org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect instead 
Mar 10, 2024 9:04:27 AM org.hibernate.engine.transaction.jta.platform.internal.JtaPlatformInitiator initiateService 
INFO: HHH000490: Using JtaPlatform implementation: [org.hibernate.engine.transaction.jta.platform.internal.NoJtaPlatform] 
Mar 10, 2024 9:04:27 AM org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext refresh 
WARNING: Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'hibernateTemplate' defined in com.spring.orm.Config.HibernateConfig: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTemplate]: Factory method 'getHibernateTemplate' threw exception with message: org/hibernate/criterion/Criterion 
Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'hibernateTemplate' defined in com.spring.orm.Config.HibernateConfig: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTemplate]: Factory method 'getHibernateTemplate' threw exception with message: org/hibernate/criterion/Criterion        
         at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiate(ConstructorResolver.java:651)        
         at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(ConstructorResolver.java:485)        
         at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1334)        
         at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1164)        
         at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:561)        
         at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:521)        
         at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:325)        
         at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:234)        
         at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:323)        
         at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:199)        
         at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:975)        
         at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:959)        
         at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:624)        
         at org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext.<init>(AnnotationConfigApplicationContext.java:93)        
         at com.spring.orm.App.main(App.java:20) 
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.BeanInstantiationException: Failed to instantiate [org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTemplate]: 
Factory method 'getHibernateTemplate' threw exception with message: org/hibernate/criterion/Criterion        
         at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:177)        
         at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.instantiate(ConstructorResolver.java:647)         
... 14 more 
Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/hibernate/criterion/Criterion        
         at com.spring.orm.Config.HibernateConfig.getHibernateTemplate(HibernateConfig.java:57)        
         at com.spring.orm.Config.HibernateConfig$$SpringCGLIB$$0.CGLIB$getHibernateTemplate$3(<generated>)        
         at com.spring.orm.Config.HibernateConfig$$SpringCGLIB$$FastClass$$1.invoke(<generated>)        
         at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invokeSuper(MethodProxy.java:258)        
         at org.springframework.context.annotation.ConfigurationClassEnhancer$BeanMethodInterceptor.intercept(ConfigurationClassEnhancer.java:331)        
         at com.spring.orm.Config.HibernateConfig$$SpringCGLIB$$0.getHibernateTemplate(<generated>)        
         at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:103)        
         at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:580)        
         at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.SimpleInstantiationStrategy.instantiate(SimpleInstantiationStrategy.java:140)       
... 15 more 
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.hibernate.criterion.Criterion        
         at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:641)        
         at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:188)        
         at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:526)        
... 24 more

解决方案 #

核心问题原因 #

org.hibernate.criterion.Criterion是Hibernate 5及之前版本的API，在Hibernate 6中已被移除。当前使用的spring-orm:6.1.3中的hibernate5模块（即HibernateTemplate）是为Hibernate 5设计的，无法兼容Hibernate 6。

具体解决步骤 #

1. 替换Hibernate依赖为兼容版本
   将Hibernate 6依赖替换为Hibernate 5.x版本（与Spring ORM 6.x兼容），同时修改groupId：

   <!-- Hibernate Core 5.x -->
   <dependency>
     <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
     <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
     <version>5.6.15.Final</version>
   </dependency>
   

2. 修正SessionFactory获取方式
   配置类中直接调用getSessionFactory().getObject()会导致SessionFactory未初始化完成就被获取，改为通过依赖注入传入：

   @Bean(name = "hibernateTemplate")
   public HibernateTemplate getHibernateTemplate(SessionFactory sessionFactory){
       HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplateObj = new HibernateTemplate();
       hibernateTemplateObj.setSessionFactory(sessionFactory);
       return hibernateTemplateObj;
   }
   
   @Bean
   public HibernateTransactionManager transactionManager(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
       HibernateTransactionManager transactionManager = new HibernateTransactionManager();
       transactionManager.setSessionFactory(sessionFactory);
       return transactionManager;
   }
   

3. 优化Dao类的Spring管理
   在StudentDaoImpl上添加@Repository注解，让Spring自动扫描创建Bean，可删除配置类中的getStudentDao()方法：

   @Repository
   public class StudentDaoImpl implements StudentDao{
       // 原有代码
   }
   

4. 调整方言配置（可选）
   Hibernate 5中MySQL8Dialect是合法的，若后续升级到Hibernate 6则需改为org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Harshit Gupta