Ruby 3.2.0安装unicode 0.4.4.4 gem时原生扩展编译错误求助

环境信息 #

• Ruby版本：ruby 3.2.0
• RubyGems版本：3.5.6
• rbenv版本：1.2.0
• MacOS：Sonoma 14.1.2 / M2

问题 #

执行bundle install安装项目依赖时，安装unicode 0.4.4.4（带原生扩展）失败，编译阶段报错：

Installing unicode 0.4.4.4 with native extensions
Gem::Ext::BuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: /Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/unicode-0.4.4.4/ext/unicode
/Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/bin/ruby -I /Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0 extconf.rb --with-cflags\=-Wno-error\=implicit-function-declaration
creating Makefile

current directory: /Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/unicode-0.4.4.4/ext/unicode
make DESTDIR\= sitearchdir\=./.gem.20240308-48017-ak1bt1 sitelibdir\=./.gem.20240308-48017-ak1bt1 clean

current directory: /Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/unicode-0.4.4.4/ext/unicode
make DESTDIR\= sitearchdir\=./.gem.20240308-48017-ak1bt1 sitelibdir\=./.gem.20240308-48017-ak1bt1
compiling unicode.c
unicode.c:37:7: warning: 'RB_OBJ_TAINTED' is deprecated: taintedness turned out to be a wrong idea. [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
  if (OBJ_TAINTED(src))
      ^
/Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/include/ruby-3.2.0/ruby/internal/fl_type.h:151:25: note: expanded from macro 'OBJ_TAINTED'
#define OBJ_TAINTED     RB_OBJ_TAINTED     /**< @old{RB_OBJ_TAINTED} */
                        ^
/Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/include/ruby-3.2.0/ruby/internal/fl_type.h:118:30: note: expanded from macro 'RB_OBJ_TAINTED'
#define RB_OBJ_TAINTED       RB_OBJ_TAINTED
                             ^
/Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/include/ruby-3.2.0/ruby/internal/fl_type.h:812:1: note: 'RB_OBJ_TAINTED' has been explicitly marked deprecated here
RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("taintedness turned out to be a wrong idea."))
^
/Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/include/ruby-3.2.0/ruby/internal/attr/deprecated.h:36:53: note: expanded from macro 'RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED'
# define RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(msg) __attribute__((__deprecated__ msg))
                                                    ^
unicode.c:38:5: warning: 'RB_OBJ_TAINT' is deprecated: taintedness turned out to be a wrong idea. [-Wdeprecated-declarations]
    OBJ_TAINT(obj);
    ^
/Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/include/ruby-3.2.0/ruby/internal/fl_type.h:149:25: note: expanded from macro 'OBJ_TAINT'
#define OBJ_TAINT       RB_OBJ_TAINT       /**< @old{RB_OBJ_TAINT} */
                        ^
/Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/include/ruby-3.2.0/ruby/internal/fl_type.h:116:30: note: expanded from macro 'RB_OBJ_TAINT'
#define RB_OBJ_TAINT         RB_OBJ_TAINT
                             ^
/Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/include/ruby-3.2.0/ruby/internal/fl_type.h:843:1: note: 'RB_OBJ_TAINT' has been explicitly marked deprecated here
RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(("taintedness turned out to be a wrong idea."))
^
/Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/include/ruby-3.2.0/ruby/internal/attr/deprecated.h:36:53: note: expanded from macro 'RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED'
# define RBIMPL_ATTR_DEPRECATED(msg) __attribute__((__deprecated__ msg))
                                                    ^
unicode.c:1039:20: error: incompatible function pointer types passing 'VALUE (get_categories_param *)' (aka 'unsigned long (struct _get_categories_param *)') to parameter of type 'VALUE (*)(VALUE)' (aka 'unsigned long (*)(unsigned long)') [-Wincompatible-function-pointer-types]
  return rb_ensure(get_categories_internal, (VALUE)&param,
                   ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/include/ruby-3.2.0/ruby/internal/iterator.h:425:25: note: passing argument to parameter 'b_proc' here
VALUE rb_ensure(VALUE (*b_proc)(VALUE), VALUE data1, VALUE (*e_proc)(VALUE), VALUE data2);
                        ^
unicode.c:1040:20: error: incompatible function pointer types passing 'VALUE (WString *)' (aka 'unsigned long (struct _WString *)') to parameter of type 'VALUE (*)(VALUE)' (aka 'unsigned long (*)(unsigned long)') [-Wincompatible-function-pointer-types]
                   get_categories_ensure, (VALUE)&wstr);
                   ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/include/ruby-3.2.0/ruby/internal/iterator.h:425:62: note: passing argument to parameter 'e_proc' here
VALUE rb_ensure(VALUE (*b_proc)(VALUE), VALUE data1, VALUE (*e_proc)(VALUE), VALUE data2);
                                                             ^
unicode.c:1057:20: error: incompatible function pointer types passing 'VALUE (get_categories_param *)' (aka 'unsigned long (struct _get_categories_param *)') to parameter of type 'VALUE (*)(VALUE)' (aka 'unsigned long (*)(unsigned long)') [-Wincompatible-function-pointer-types]
  return rb_ensure(get_categories_internal, (VALUE)&param,
                   ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/include/ruby-3.2.0/ruby/internal/iterator.h:425:25: note: passing argument to parameter 'b_proc' here
VALUE rb_ensure(VALUE (*b_proc)(VALUE), VALUE data1, VALUE (*e_proc)(VALUE), VALUE data2);
                        ^
unicode.c:1058:20: error: incompatible function pointer types passing 'VALUE (WString *)' (aka 'unsigned long (struct _WString *)') to parameter of type 'VALUE (*)(VALUE)' (aka 'unsigned long (*)(unsigned long)') [-Wincompatible-function-pointer-types]
                   get_categories_ensure, (VALUE)&wstr);
                   ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.
.
.
2 warnings and 6 errors generated.
make: *** [unicode.o] Error 1

make failed, exit code 2

Gem files will remain installed in /Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/unicode-0.4.4.4 for inspection.
Results logged to /Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/extensions/arm64-darwin-23/3.2.0/unicode-0.4.4.4/gem_make.out

  /Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:102:in `run'
  /Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:51:in `block in make'
  /Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:43:in `each'
  /Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:43:in `make'
  /Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/ext/ext_conf_builder.rb:42:in `build'
  /Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:170:in `build_extension'
  /Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:204:in `block in build_extensions'
  /Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:201:in `each'
  /Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/ext/builder.rb:201:in `build_extensions'
  /Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/site_ruby/3.2.0/rubygems/installer.rb:843:in `build_extensions'
  /Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/bundler-2.5.6/lib/bundler/rubygems_gem_installer.rb:76:in `build_extensions'
  /Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/bundler-2.5.6/lib/bundler/rubygems_gem_installer.rb:28:in `install'
  /Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/bundler-2.5.6/lib/bundler/source/rubygems.rb:205:in `install'
  /Users/john.doe/.rbenv/versions/3.2.0/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/bundler-.
.
.
An error occurred while installing unicode (0.4.4.4), and Bundler cannot continue.

已尝试操作 #

• 执行xcode-select --install检查并安装Xcode命令行工具
• 使用asdf版本管理器排查rbenv可能存在的问题

解决方案 #

方案1：升级unicode gem版本 #

unicode 0.4.4.4是老旧版本，不兼容Ruby 3.2的API。修改项目Gemfile，将unicode的版本指定为1.4.0及以上（该版本已修复Ruby 3.x兼容问题）：

# Gemfile中修改
gem 'unicode', '>= 1.4.0'

然后执行：

bundle update unicode
bundle install

方案2：降级Ruby版本 #

如果无法升级gem，可将Ruby降级到2.7或3.0版本（这些版本与unicode 0.4.4.4兼容）：

# 安装Ruby 2.7.8
rbenv install 2.7.8
# 设置当前项目使用该版本
rbenv local 2.7.8
# 重新安装依赖
bundle install

方案3：手动修复gem源码（不推荐） #

若必须保留旧版unicode和Ruby 3.2，可手动修改gem的C源码：

1. 找到gem安装目录：gem which unicode，进入该目录下的ext/unicode文件夹
2. 修改unicode.c：
   • 对rb_ensure调用的函数，添加强制类型转换，比如把get_categories_internal改为(VALUE (*)(VALUE))get_categories_internal
   • 删除或注释掉使用OBJ_TAINTED和OBJ_TAINT的代码（Ruby 3.2已废弃taintedness机制，相关逻辑无实际作用）
3. 重新编译安装：

make clean && make && make install

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者rxlqx22