JOGL太阳系模型相机环绕行星时无法稳定对准中心问题

我在JOGL太阳系模型中尝试让相机环绕行星运动，但行星无法保持在视野中心。相机应沿固定半径的完美圆周环绕行星，行星需始终出现在屏幕中心，但实际并非如此。我曾尝试排查行星计算位置与实际位置的偏差，或调整三角函数，但结果反而让相机和行星的状态更混乱。

编辑更新 #

我改用gluLookAt函数，并确保函数调用顺序如下：

• 投影矩阵（gluPerspective，未包含在更新内容中）
• 模型视图矩阵（gluLookAt）
• 变换操作（rotate、translate）
• 绘制行星（gluSphere）

但相机仍沿错误路径运动，仿佛处于原点附近。我看到的画面似乎是从太阳内部、背向原点的视角观察太阳系模型。

核心代码 #

display函数

public void display(GLAutoDrawable drawable) {
        gl = initMatrix(drawable, GL2.GL_MODELVIEW);
        
//      Calculates the orbital and rotational angles of each planet
        for(Planet art : artbook) {
            orbitPlanet(art);
            art.rotate(frameCount);
        }
        
        //The planet the camera is tracking is Earth
        Planet earth = artbook.get(3);
        float planetX = earth.getX(),
                planetZ = earth.getZ(),
                rotation = earth.getRotation(),
                camOffset = 0.1f, //radius of camera's distance from earth
                planetRadius;
        
//determine and set the camera coordinates, focal point
        float camX = planetX + (float) (camOffset * Math.cos(rotation)),
                camZ = planetZ + (float) (camOffset * Math.sin(rotation));
        System.out.println("Camera located at < " + camX + ", 1, " + camZ + " >");
        System.out.println("Camera focused at < " + planetX + ", 1, " + planetZ + " >");
        glu.gluLookAt(camX, 0.0f, camZ, planetX, 0.0f, planetZ, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f);
        
        //Draw each planet
        for(Planet art : artbook) {
            returnToOrigin();
            gl.glTranslatef(planetX, 0.0f, planetZ); //orbit
            gl.glRotatef(-rotation, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); //rotation
            setColor(art);
            glu.gluSphere(quad, planetRadius, 10, 10);
        }
        frameCount += 1;
    }

orbitPlanet函数

private void orbitPlanet(Planet art) {
    float sunRadius = 109.3f,
            radius = art.getRadius(),
            offset = art.getOffset(),
            orbit;
    
    //if the planet isn't the sun, skew the offset
    float skew = sunRadius + radius;
    if(radius != sunRadius) offset += skew;
    
    //Get the new orbital position of the planet
    orbit = art.orbit(frameCount) % 360;
    
    //set the position of the planet
    float x = (float) (offset * Math.cos(Math.toRadians(orbit)));
    float z = (float) (offset * Math.sin(Math.toRadians(orbit)));
    art.setX(x);
    art.setZ(z);
}

Planet类的orbit方法

public float orbit(float frameCount) {
    //find the new orbit angle theta and the delta between the current and new orbit
    float theta = frameCount * 1/(this.orbitRate);
    this.orbit = theta;
    return this.orbit;
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Red Richardson