Cordova无法找到Android Build Tools的问题求助

问题场景 #

在树莓派的Ubuntu系统上使用Cordova开发Android应用，IntelliJ生成的Android SDK目录（/home/arco/Android/Sdk）中已安装33.0.2版本的Build Tools，且相关路径已加入$PATH，但执行cordova emulate android时仍报错：

No installed build tools found. Please install the Android build tools version 33.0.2.

尝试过移动Build Tools位置、升级/降级Gradle、重装Build Tools、升级Cordova等操作，问题仍未解决。完整报错输出如下：

Checking Java JDK and Android SDK versions
ANDROID_HOME=/home/arco/Android/Sdk (recommended setting)
ANDROID_SDK_ROOT=/home/arco/Android/Sdk (DEPRECATED)
Using Android SDK: /home/arco/Android/Sdk
Subproject Path: CordovaLib
Subproject Path: app
openjdk version "11.0.22" 2024-01-16
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 11.0.22+7-post-Ubuntu-0ubuntu223.10.1)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 11.0.22+7-post-Ubuntu-0ubuntu223.10.1, mixed mode)

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* Where:
Script '/home/arco/Documents/Android/hello/platforms/android/CordovaLib/cordova.gradle' line: 69

* What went wrong:
A problem occurred evaluating script.
> No installed build tools found. Please install the Android build tools version 33.0.2.

* Try:
> Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace.
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
> Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

Deprecated Gradle features were used in this build, making it incompatible with Gradle 8.0.

You can use '--warning-mode all' to show the individual deprecation warnings and determine if they come from your own scripts or plugins.

See https://docs.gradle.org/7.6/userguide/command_line_interface.html#sec:command_line_warnings

BUILD FAILED in 1s
Command failed with exit code 1: /home/arco/Documents/Android/hello/platforms/android/gradlew -b /home/arco/Documents/Android/hello/platforms/android/build.gradle cdvBuildDebug

解决步骤 #

• 检查Build Tools目录结构与权限

  1. 确认/home/arco/Android/Sdk/build-tools/下存在33.0.2文件夹，且包含完整工具文件（如aapt、dx、zipalign等）
  2. 赋予目录读写执行权限：

     sudo chmod -R 755 /home/arco/Android/Sdk/build-tools/33.0.2/
     

• 验证环境变量配置

  1. 将以下配置写入~/.bashrc或~/.zshrc（根据使用的shell选择），确保环境变量持久化：

     export ANDROID_HOME=/home/arco/Android/Sdk
     export ANDROID_SDK_ROOT=/home/arco/Android/Sdk
     export PATH=$PATH:$ANDROID_HOME/platform-tools:$ANDROID_HOME/build-tools/33.0.2
     

  2. 执行source ~/.bashrc（或对应shell配置文件）使配置生效，然后验证：

     echo $ANDROID_HOME
     echo $PATH | grep build-tools
     

• 强制指定Build Tools版本到项目配置

  1. 进入Cordova项目的platforms/android目录，编辑build.gradle，在android块中明确指定版本：

     android {
         buildToolsVersion "33.0.2"
         // 其他原有配置...
     }
     

  2. 检查CordovaLib/cordova.gradle文件（报错行所在文件），确认版本检测逻辑，若存在硬编码错误可手动修正为33.0.2。

• 清理缓存并重建Android平台

  1. 清理项目缓存：

     cordova clean android
     

  2. 移除并重新添加适配的Android平台（Build Tools 33.0.2对应Android平台版本为12.0.0）：

     cordova platform remove android
     cordova platform add android@12.0.0
     

• 确认ARM架构兼容性
  树莓派为ARM架构，需确保下载的Build Tools适配ARM。使用命令行重新下载对应版本：

  sdkmanager "build-tools;33.0.2" --channel=3
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Pazzel