如何在PowerShell中捕获curl.exe返回的HTTP响应码？

由于Invoke-WebRequest和.NET原生不支持发起带请求体的GET请求，我使用外部curl.exe工具实现，但目前curl的调试信息仅输出到控制台，$output变量仅包含响应内容，无法提取出HTTP响应码，该如何解决？

原脚本 #

$header = "Bearer ABCDE"
$ContentType = "application/json"
$url = "http://test/api"

$bodyJson='{""SSELECT1"": ""0"", ""SSELECT2"": ""TEST1""}'
$pattern = "(?<=HTTP/1.1 )\d+"

$output =  & "C:\curl\bin\curl.exe" -X GET -H "Authorization: $header" -H "Content-Type: $ContentType" -d $bodyJson -v $url

Write-Host "Response: " $output

$httpCode = [regex]::Match($output, $pattern).Groups[1].Value

Write-Host "HTTP CODE: " $httpCode

控制台输出 #

curl.exe :   % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
    In Zeile:9 Zeichen:15
    + ... usgabe =  $(&"C:\curl\bin\curl.exe" -X GET -H "Authorization: $header ...
    +                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
        + CategoryInfo          : NotSpecified: (  % Total    % ...  Time  Current:String) [], RemoteException
        + FullyQualifiedErrorId : NativeCommandError
                                     Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
      0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0* Host XY was resolved.
    * IPv6: (none)
    * IPv4: 123
    *   Trying 123...
    * Connected to celle (123) port xy
    > GET test/api HTTP/1.1
    > Host: 123
    > User-Agent: curl/8.6.0
    > Accept: */*
    > Authorization: Bearer ABCDE
    > Content-Type: application/json
    > Content-Length: 57
    > 
    } [57 bytes data]
    < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    < Connection: keep-alive
    < Content-Type: application/json
    < Content-Length: 278
    < Date: Thu, 14 Mar 2024 12:15:58 GMT
    < 
    { [278 bytes data]
    100   335  100   278  100    57   2989    613 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  3764
    * Connection #0 to host XY left intact

最终输出 #

Response:  {"records":[{"value":{"TEST":"1","TEST2":"2"}}]}

解决方法 #

方案1：用curl的-w参数直接输出响应码（最简洁） #

利用curl的-w参数指定输出格式，单独获取响应码，同时保留响应内容。使用-s静默模式隐藏进度条，-S确保错误时仍显示信息。

$header = "Bearer ABCDE"
$ContentType = "application/json"
$url = "http://test/api"
$bodyJson='{"SSELECT1": "0", "SSELECT2": "TEST1"}'

# 获取响应内容
$responseContent = & "C:\curl\bin\curl.exe" -X GET -H "Authorization: $header" -H "Content-Type: $ContentType" -d $bodyJson -s -S $url
# 仅获取HTTP响应码，丢弃响应内容
$httpCode = & "C:\curl\bin\curl.exe" -X GET -H "Authorization: $header" -H "Content-Type: $ContentType" -d $bodyJson -s -w "%{http_code}" -o nul $url

Write-Host "Response: " $responseContent
Write-Host "HTTP CODE: " $httpCode

方案2：捕获curl的标准错误流（保留调试信息的同时提取响应码） #

curl的-v调试信息输出到标准错误流（stderr），PowerShell中可以通过2>&1将stderr合并到stdout，这样就能在变量中获取所有输出，再用正则匹配响应码。

$header = "Bearer ABCDE"
$ContentType = "application/json"
$url = "http://test/api"
$bodyJson='{"SSELECT1": "0", "SSELECT2": "TEST1"}'
$pattern = "(?<=HTTP/1.1 )\d+"

# 合并stdout和stderr到一个变量
$allOutput = & "C:\curl\bin\curl.exe" -X GET -H "Authorization: $header" -H "Content-Type: $ContentType" -d $bodyJson -v $url 2>&1

# 过滤出响应内容（排除PowerShell错误提示和调试信息）
$responseContent = $allOutput | Where-Object { 
    $_ -is [string] -and 
    $_ -notmatch '^curl.exe :|CategoryInfo|FullyQualifiedErrorId' -and
    $_ -match '^\{.*\}$'
}

# 从合并的输出中匹配响应码
$httpCode = [regex]::Match($allOutput -join "`n", $pattern).Value

Write-Host "Response: " $responseContent
Write-Host "HTTP CODE: " $httpCode

方案3：用--write-out同时输出响应内容和响应码 #

让curl在响应内容末尾追加响应码，再拆分变量得到两部分内容。

$header = "Bearer ABCDE"
$ContentType = "application/json"
$url = "http://test/api"
$bodyJson='{"SSELECT1": "0", "SSELECT2": "TEST1"}'

# 让curl输出响应内容后，换行输出响应码
$combinedOutput = & "C:\curl\bin\curl.exe" -X GET -H "Authorization: $header" -H "Content-Type: $ContentType" -d $bodyJson -s -w "`n%{http_code}" $url

# 拆分出响应内容和响应码
$responseContent = $combinedOutput | Select-Object -SkipLast 1
$httpCode = $combinedOutput | Select-Object -Last 1

Write-Host "Response: " $responseContent
Write-Host "HTTP CODE: " $httpCode

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者An Dré