读取tasks.txt生成统计报告的Python代码问题求助

我是Python新手，写了一段当用户输入"gr"时触发的代码，需求如下：读取tasks.txt文件，把内容处理后存入reports列表，再用这个列表更新两个统计字典（stat_dict_task_overview、stat_dict_user_overview），最终将统计信息写入task_overview.txt和user_overview.txt文件。但代码里从reports = task.readlines()之后的部分完全没法更新字典，求帮忙解决。

tasks.txt内容 #

user;Task;description of task;due date;entered date;completed

sam;asdfgg;gfdsa;2024-12-12;2024-03-09;No
admin;werty;ytrew;2024-12-12;2024-03-09;No
sam;plkju;ujklp;2024-02-12;2024-03-09;No
admin;qwaszx;xzsawq;2023-12-12;2024-03-09;No
sam;finish cap2;make the code more user friendly;2024-03-16;2024-03-11;No

原代码 #

elif menu == 'gr':
        
        # 创建task_overview文件用的统计字典
        stat_dict_task_overview = {
                    "Tasks": 0,
                    "Completed": 0,
                    "Uncompleted": 0,
                    "Overdue": 0,
                    "Percentage Incomplete": 0,
                    "Percentage Overdue": 0
                    }
        
        # 创建user_overview文件用的统计字典
        stat_dict_user_overview = {
                    "Users": 0,
                    "Tasks": 0,
                    "Name": 0,
                    
                         }
       
        reports = []
       
        with open("tasks.txt", "r") as task:
         
            # 这段代码能正常更新字典
            for line in enumerate(task):
                stat_dict_task_overview["Tasks"] += 1


            
            # 从这里开始，字典再也更新不了
            reports = task.readlines()       
            for line in task:
               reports.append(line.strip().split(";"))
         
            for line in task:
                if reports[-1] == "Yes":
                    stat_dict_task_overview["Completed"] += 1
                else:
                    stat_dict_task_overview["Uncompleted"] += 1
       

                if reports[3] < str(datetime.today()):
                    stat_dict_task_overview["Overdue"] += 1
       
                
        print(reports)
        print(stat_dict_task_overview) 

问题原因 #

1. 文件指针耗尽：第一次for line in enumerate(task)已经把文件所有内容读完，文件指针移到了末尾。之后的task.readlines()和for line in task都读不到任何内容，自然无法更新字典。
2. 逻辑错误：就算读到内容，你的循环逻辑也有问题：
   • reports[-1]取的是整个列表的最后一个元素，不是当前行的完成状态；
   • reports[3]是列表的第四个元素，不是当前行的截止日期；
   • 日期用字符串比较存在风险，应该转成datetime对象再做判断。

修正后的代码 #

from datetime import datetime

elif menu == 'gr':
    # 创建task_overview文件用的统计字典
    stat_dict_task_overview = {
        "Tasks": 0,
        "Completed": 0,
        "Uncompleted": 0,
        "Overdue": 0,
        "Percentage Incomplete": 0,
        "Percentage Overdue": 0
    }
    
    # 重构用户统计字典，用嵌套结构存储每个用户的详细数据
    stat_dict_user_overview = {
        "Total Users": 0,
        "Total Tasks": 0,
        "User Details": {}
    }
   
    reports = []
   
    with open("tasks.txt", "r") as task:
        # 读取所有行并跳过表头
        lines = task.readlines()[1:]
        
        for line in lines:
            # 处理每行数据，拆分并跳过空行
            parts = line.strip().split(";")
            if not parts[0]:
                continue
            reports.append(parts)
            
            # 更新总任务数
            stat_dict_task_overview["Tasks"] += 1
            stat_dict_user_overview["Total Tasks"] += 1
            
            # 更新完成/未完成统计
            completed_status = parts[-1].strip()
            if completed_status == "Yes":
                stat_dict_task_overview["Completed"] += 1
            else:
                stat_dict_task_overview["Uncompleted"] += 1
                # 未完成任务才检查逾期
                due_date = datetime.strptime(parts[3].strip(), "%Y-%m-%d").date()
                today = datetime.today().date()
                if due_date < today:
                    stat_dict_task_overview["Overdue"] += 1
            
            # 更新用户个人统计
            username = parts[0].strip()
            if username not in stat_dict_user_overview["User Details"]:
                stat_dict_user_overview["User Details"][username] = {
                    "Total Tasks": 0,
                    "Completed Tasks": 0,
                    "Uncompleted Tasks": 0,
                    "Overdue Tasks": 0
                }
            user_stats = stat_dict_user_overview["User Details"][username]
            user_stats["Total Tasks"] += 1
            if completed_status == "Yes":
                user_stats["Completed Tasks"] += 1
            else:
                user_stats["Uncompleted Tasks"] += 1
                if due_date < today:
                    user_stats["Overdue Tasks"] += 1
    
    # 计算百分比（避免除以0）
    total_tasks = stat_dict_task_overview["Tasks"]
    if total_tasks > 0:
        stat_dict_task_overview["Percentage Incomplete"] = round(
            (stat_dict_task_overview["Uncompleted"] / total_tasks) * 100, 2
        )
        stat_dict_task_overview["Percentage Overdue"] = round(
            (stat_dict_task_overview["Overdue"] / total_tasks) * 100, 2
        )
    
    # 更新总用户数
    stat_dict_user_overview["Total Users"] = len(stat_dict_user_overview["User Details"])
    
    # 打印测试结果
    print(reports)
    print("\n任务统计：")
    for k, v in stat_dict_task_overview.items():
        print(f"{k}: {v}")
    
    print("\n用户统计：")
    print(f"总用户数: {stat_dict_user_overview['Total Users']}")
    print(f"总任务数: {stat_dict_user_overview['Total Tasks']}")
    for user, stats in stat_dict_user_overview["User Details"].items():
        print(f"\n{user}:")
        for k, v in stats.items():
            print(f"  {k}: {v}")
    
    # 写入task_overview.txt
    with open("task_overview.txt", "w") as f:
        for k, v in stat_dict_task_overview.items():
            f.write(f"{k}: {v}\n")
    
    # 写入user_overview.txt
    with open("user_overview.txt", "w") as f:
        f.write(f"Total Users: {stat_dict_user_overview['Total Users']}\n")
        f.write(f"Total Tasks: {stat_dict_user_overview['Total Tasks']}\n")
        for user, stats in stat_dict_user_overview["User Details"].items():
            f.write(f"\n{user}:\n")
            for k, v in stats.items():
                f.write(f"  {k}: {v}\n")

关键修改说明 #

• 一次性读取所有行并跳过表头，避免文件指针耗尽的问题；
• 逐行处理数据，实时更新统计字典，同时填充reports列表；
• 把日期字符串转成datetime对象后比较，确保逾期判断准确；
• 重构用户统计字典结构，用嵌套字典存储每个用户的详细数据，更符合实际需求；
• 补充百分比计算逻辑，处理了任务数为0的边界情况；
• 完成了写入统计文件的代码，满足最初需求。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者SamWestlake-Cann