PowerShell脚本触发Jenkins作业报错求助：远程解析失败与空引用异常

脚本内容 #

$UserName = "user"
$Password = "password"
$API_URL = "https://jenkinsservername"
$JobName = "firstjob"
$JobToken = "generatedtoken"
$header = @{}
$header.Add('Authorization', 'Basic ' + [Convert]::ToBase64String([Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetBytes("$(${UserName}):$(${Password})")))
$Params = @{uri = "${API_URL}/crumbIssuer/api/json";
        Method = 'Get';
        Headers = $header;}
$API_Crumb = Invoke-RestMethod @Params
write-host $API_Crumb
$h.Add('Jenkins-Crumb', $API_Crumb.crumb)
$Params['uri'] = "https://jenkinsservername/$JobName/build?token=$JobToken"
$Params['Method'] = 'Post'
$Params['Headers'] = $header
Invoke-RestMethod @Params

执行错误信息 #

Invoke-RestMethod : 远程名称无法解析: 'https'
At C:\path\to\script.ps1:12 char:14

• $API_Crumb = Invoke-RestMethod @Params1
  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  • CategoryInfo : InvalidOperation: (System.Net.HttpWebRequest:HttpWebRequest) [Invoke-RestMethod], WebException
  • FullyQualifiedErrorId : WebCmdletWebResponseException,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.InvokeRestMethodCommand

Invoke-RestMethod : 对象引用未设置到对象的实例。
At C:\path\to\script.ps1:19 char:1

• Invoke-RestMethod @Params2 -WebSession $Session
  • CategoryInfo : NotSpecified: (:) [Invoke-RestMethod], NullReferenceException
  • FullyQualifiedErrorId : System.NullReferenceException,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.InvokeRestMethodCommand

解决方案 #

1. 解决“远程名称无法解析: 'https'”错误 #

• 替换占位符：$API_URL里的jenkinsservername是占位符，必须换成Jenkins服务器实际的域名、IP或带端口的完整可访问URL，比如https://jenkins.example.com或https://192.168.1.100:8080（Jenkins非默认443端口时需补充端口）
• 验证网络连通性：在运行脚本的机器上，执行Test-NetConnection 你的Jenkins服务器地址 -Port 对应端口，确认能正常连接到Jenkins服务
• 检查URL格式：确保$API_URL无多余空格、拼写错误，不要漏写https://前缀

2. 解决“对象引用未设置到对象的实例”错误 #

脚本中$h.Add('Jenkins-Crumb', $API_Crumb.crumb)的$h是未定义变量，需替换为之前创建的$header变量；同时建议复用$API_URL变量避免硬编码重复URL，修改后对应代码如下：

$header.Add('Jenkins-Crumb', $API_Crumb.crumb)
$Params['uri'] = "${API_URL}/${JobName}/build?token=$JobToken"

优化后的完整脚本 #

$UserName = "你的实际用户名"
$Password = "你的实际密码"
$API_URL = "https://你的Jenkins服务器地址:端口" # 替换为真实Jenkins地址
$JobName = "firstjob"
$JobToken = "你的生成令牌"

$header = @{}
$authString = [Convert]::ToBase64String([Text.Encoding]::ASCII.GetBytes("$UserName`:$Password"))
$header.Add('Authorization', "Basic $authString")

# 获取Crumb
$Params = @{
    uri     = "${API_URL}/crumbIssuer/api/json"
    Method  = 'Get'
    Headers = $header
}
$API_Crumb = Invoke-RestMethod @Params
$header.Add('Jenkins-Crumb', $API_Crumb.crumb)

# 触发Jenkins作业
$Params['uri'] = "${API_URL}/${JobName}/build?token=$JobToken"
$Params['Method'] = 'Post'

Invoke-RestMethod @Params

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user17095978