使用Docker Compose部署Azure Web App仅显示Nginx首页求助

我的Azure Web App通过Docker Compose（预览版）部署Flask+Nginx应用，镜像来自Docker Hub，但网站始终显示Nginx默认首页，无法代理到Flask应用：

现有配置文件 #

docker-compose.yml #

version: "3"

services:
  app:
    build:
      context: ./
    image: tracrux/irelandwindfarms
    command: gunicorn wsgi:app --bind 0.0.0.0:5000
    volumes:
      - ${WEBAPP_STORAGE_HOME}:/flaskapp/
      - ${WEBAPP_STORAGE_HOME}static:/flaskapp/static
    ports:
      - "5000"


  nginx:
    image: nginx:latest
    volumes:
      - ${WEBAPP_STORAGE_HOME}nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro
      - ${WEBAPP_STORAGE_HOME}static:/flaskapp/static
    ports:
      - "80:80"
    depends_on:
      - app

volumes:
  static:

Dockerfile #

FROM python:3.12 # set the working directory 
WORKDIR /flaskapp # install dependencies 
COPY ./requirements.txt /flaskapp 
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r requirements.txt # Copy your Flask application code 
COPY . . 
EXPOSE 5000

nginx.conf #

events {
    worker_connections 1000;
}

upstream my_site_proxy {
  server app:5000;
}

http {
    server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;
    server_name  https://irelandwindfarms.azurewebsites.net/;
        location / {
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
            proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
            proxy_set_header X-NginX-Proxy true;
            proxy_pass http://my_site_proxy/;
            proxy_redirect off;
        }

        location /static/ {
            alias /flaskapp/static/;
        }
    }
}

部署日志（显示正常启动） #

2024-03-15T18:00:11.445Z INFO - Starting multi-container app..
2024-03-15T18:00:12.038Z INFO - Pulling image: tracrux/irelandwindfarms
2024-03-15T18:00:13.417Z INFO - latest Pulling from tracrux/irelandwindfarms
2024-03-15T18:00:13.427Z INFO - Digest: sha256:dbb401c5936d150717e74541d1fc53419dcdd330929599eccbb4c8e00dd321a4
2024-03-15T18:00:13.429Z INFO - Status: Image is up to date for tracrux/irelandwindfarms:latest
2024-03-15T18:00:13.439Z INFO - Pull Image successful, Time taken: 1 Seconds
2024-03-15T18:00:13.488Z INFO - Starting container for site
2024-03-15T18:00:13.490Z INFO - docker run -d --name irelandwindfarms_app_0_cad2ad5c -e WEBSITES_ENABLE_APP_SERVICE_STORAGE=true -e WEBSITE_SITE_NAME=irelandwindfarms -e WEBSITE_AUTH_ENABLED=False -e WEBSITE_ROLE_INSTANCE_ID=0 -e WEBSITE_HOSTNAME=irelandwindfarms.azurewebsites.net -e WEBSITE_INSTANCE_ID=11af5b4880bcafd0e33c899dd84747a89c767943adf0db58295f85ef997b95d4 tracrux/irelandwindfarms gunicorn wsgi:app --bind 0.0.0.0:5000
2024-03-15T18:00:13.504Z INFO - Logging is not enabled for this container.
Please use https://aka.ms/linux-diagnostics to enable logging to see container logs here.
2024-03-15T18:00:13.928Z INFO - Pulling image: nginx:latest
2024-03-15T18:00:15.054Z INFO - latest Pulling from library/nginx
2024-03-15T18:00:15.101Z INFO - Digest: sha256:6db391d1c0cfb30588ba0bf72ea999404f2764febf0f1f196acd5867ac7efa7e
2024-03-15T18:00:15.105Z INFO - Status: Image is up to date for nginx:latest
2024-03-15T18:00:15.120Z INFO - Pull Image successful, Time taken: 1 Seconds
2024-03-15T18:00:15.154Z INFO - Starting container for site
2024-03-15T18:00:15.155Z INFO - docker run -d -p 8362:80 --name irelandwindfarms_nginx_0_cad2ad5c -e WEBSITES_ENABLE_APP_SERVICE_STORAGE=true -e WEBSITE_SITE_NAME=irelandwindfarms -e WEBSITE_AUTH_ENABLED=False -e WEBSITE_ROLE_INSTANCE_ID=0 -e WEBSITE_HOSTNAME=irelandwindfarms.azurewebsites.net -e WEBSITE_INSTANCE_ID=11af5b4880bcafd0e33c899dd84747a89c767943adf0db58295f85ef997b95d4 nginx:latest
2024-03-15T18:00:15.157Z INFO - Logging is not enabled for this container.
Please use https://aka.ms/linux-diagnostics to enable logging to see container logs here.
2024-03-15T18:00:22.966Z INFO - Started multi-container app
2024-03-15T18:00:22.972Z INFO - Initiating warmup request to container irelandwindfarms_nginx_0_cad2ad5c for site irelandwindfarms
2024-03-15T18:00:22.974Z INFO - Container irelandwindfarms_nginx_0_cad2ad5c for site irelandwindfarms initialized successfully and is ready to serve requests.

排查思路 #

1. 核心问题：Nginx未加载自定义配置 #

网站显示Nginx首页，说明Nginx使用默认配置而非你挂载的nginx.conf，原因可能是：

• Azure环境变量路径不匹配：Azure中${WEBAPP_STORAGE_HOME}指向/var/aspnetcore/wwwroot，而非你本地设置的./，如果该路径下未上传nginx.conf，挂载会失效。
• 挂载路径格式错误：${WEBAPP_STORAGE_HOME}nginx.conf会拼接成/var/aspnetcore/wwwrootnginx.conf，正确格式应为${WEBAPP_STORAGE_HOME}/nginx.conf（添加斜杠）。

2. 修正配置文件 #

docker-compose.yml

• 移除build块：指定image后build会被忽略，属于冗余配置，直接删除。
• 修正volumes路径：给挂载路径添加斜杠，确保路径正确：

  # app服务部分
  volumes:
    - ${WEBAPP_STORAGE_HOME}/:/flaskapp/
    - ${WEBAPP_STORAGE_HOME}/static:/flaskapp/static
  # nginx服务部分
  volumes:
    - ${WEBAPP_STORAGE_HOME}/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro
    - ${WEBAPP_STORAGE_HOME}/static:/flaskapp/static
  

nginx.conf

• 修正server_name：去掉https://仅保留域名，同时添加default_server确保匹配所有请求：

  server {
    listen 80 default_server;
    listen [::]:80 default_server;
    server_name irelandwindfarms.azurewebsites.net;
    # 其余配置不变
  }
  

3. 上传配置文件到Azure存储 #

通过Azure门户进入Web App -> 高级工具 -> Kudu，导航到/var/aspnetcore/wwwroot目录，上传你的nginx.conf和static文件夹，确保挂载的文件存在。

4. 开启容器日志排查细节 #

部署日志提示未启用容器日志，无法查看Nginx和Flask的运行错误。开启日志后可确认：

• Nginx是否成功加载自定义配置
• Nginx连接Flask容器（app:5000）是否有报错
• Gunicorn是否正常启动并绑定5000端口

5. 验证容器间网络连通性 #

进入Nginx容器内部，执行curl app:5000，确认能否访问Flask应用。如果无法访问，检查Flask容器是否正常运行或网络配置是否存在问题。

6. 简化部署测试 #

先去掉Nginx，直接部署Flask容器并设置端口为80，确认Flask应用能正常访问后，再逐步添加Nginx代理，缩小排查范围。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user101