SQL Server连接被拒绝求助：TCP/IP端口1433连接失败

连接代码 #

public void connect(){
        String url = "jdbc:sqlserver://localhost:1433;databaseName=qlsv";
        String user = "sa";
        String password = "21@MaiChiTam07";
        try {
            connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
            System.out.println("Connected Successfully!");
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
   }

抛出的异常 #

com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerException: The TCP/IP connection to the host localhost, port 1433 has failed. Error: "Connection refused: no further information. Verify the connection properties. Make sure that an instance of SQL Server is running on the host and accepting TCP/IP connections at the port. Make sure that TCP connections to the port are not blocked by a firewall.".
    at sqljdbc42/com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerException.makeFromDriverError(SQLServerException.java:191)
    at sqljdbc42/com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerException.ConvertConnectExceptionToSQLServerException(SQLServerException.java:242)
    at sqljdbc42/com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SocketFinder.findSocket(IOBuffer.java:2369)
    at sqljdbc42/com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.TDSChannel.open(IOBuffer.java:551)
    at sqljdbc42/com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerConnection.connectHelper(SQLServerConnection.java:1962)
    at sqljdbc42/com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerConnection.login(SQLServerConnection.java:1627)
    at sqljdbc42/com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerConnection.connectInternal(SQLServerConnection.java:1458)
    at sqljdbc42/com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerConnection.connect(SQLServerConnection.java:772)
    at sqljdbc42/com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver.connect(SQLServerDriver.java:1168)
    at java.sql/java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:683)
    at java.sql/java.sql.DriverManager.getConnection(DriverManager.java:230)
    at JDBC/DSLopHoc.Database.connect(Database.java:20)
    at JDBC/DSLopHoc.UILopHoc.<init>(UILopHoc.java:116)
    at JDBC/DSLopHoc.UILopHoc.lambda$0(UILopHoc.java:192)
    at java.desktop/java.awt.event.InvocationEvent.dispatch(InvocationEvent.java:318)
    at java.desktop/java.awt.EventQueue.dispatchEventImpl(EventQueue.java:773)
    at java.desktop/java.awt.EventQueue$4.run(EventQueue.java:720)
    at java.desktop/java.awt.EventQueue$4.run(EventQueue.java:714)
    at java.base/java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(AccessController.java:399)
    at java.base/java.security.ProtectionDomain$JavaSecurityAccessImpl.doIntersectionPrivilege(ProtectionDomain.java:86)
    at java.desktop/java.awt.EventQueue.dispatchEvent(EventQueue.java:742)
    at java.desktop/java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpOneEventForFilters(EventDispatchThread.java:203)
    at java.desktop/java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEventsForFilter(EventDispatchThread.java:124)
    at java.desktop/java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEventsForHierarchy(EventDispatchThread.java:113)
    at java.desktop/java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEvents(EventDispatchThread.java:109)
    at java.desktop/java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEvents(EventDispatchThread.java:101)
    at java.desktop/java.awt.EventDispatchThread.run(EventDispatchThread.java:90)

问题描述 #

已在防火墙设置中允许TCP/IP协议和1433端口通行，但仍出现上述连接拒绝异常，求解决办法。

排查建议 #

• 确认SQL Server服务是否运行：打开服务管理器（services.msc），找到对应实例的SQL Server服务，确保状态为“正在运行”。默认实例名称通常是SQL Server (MSSQLSERVER)。
• 检查TCP/IP协议是否启用：打开SQL Server配置管理器，展开“SQL Server网络配置”→对应实例的“协议”，确保TCP/IP状态为“已启用”。
• 验证监听端口：在TCP/IP属性的“IP地址”选项卡中，查看IPAll部分的TCP端口是否为1433。如果是动态端口，需改为固定1433，或在连接URL中指定实际监听端口（可从SQL Server错误日志查看）。
• 测试端口连通性：用telnet localhost 1433或PowerShell命令Test-NetConnection localhost -Port 1433检查端口是否可正常访问，不通则说明SQL Server未在该端口监听。
• 确认远程连接权限：打开SQL Server Management Studio，右键实例→属性→连接，勾选“允许远程连接到此服务器”。
• 检查sa账户状态：确保sa账户未被禁用，且拥有目标数据库qlsv的访问权限。
• 核对JDBC驱动版本：确保使用的sqljdbc驱动与SQL Server版本兼容，比如SQL Server 2019建议用sqljdbc8.2及以上版本。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Mai C Tam