如何在R中绘制带全部数据点且连接同受试者的堆叠箱线图

需求说明 #

需要绘制堆叠箱线图：

• X轴：Arm（分组A、B）
• Y轴：median_score
• 箱线填充色：对应time（C1D1、surgery、30days_postop）
• 额外要求：每个subject用独特颜色的散点标记，且同一Arm内的同subject数据点用线条连接

原代码仅显示散点，未实现散点独特颜色及连线效果。

修正后的代码 #

# 数据框（保持原数据不变）
median_score_df <- data.frame(
  subject = c("01", "02", "03", "01", "02", "03", "01", "02", "03", "04", "05", "06", "04", "05", "06", "04", "05", "06"),
  median_score = c(-0.0310019210668711, 0.0444211182227502, 0.200311923393836, 0.221255710308368, 0.171509500650259, 0.196983984433688, 0.236694770226112, 0.206757913002601, 0.211477853334867, 0.284073710074792, 0.202858539728018, 0.147802463678213, 0.238249561603253, 0.423188711313101, 0.123448, -0.0310019210668711, 0.0444211182227502, 0.200311923393836),
  Arm = c('A','A','A','A','A','A','A','A','A','B','B','B','B','B','B','B','B','B'),
  time = c('C1D1','C1D1','C1D1','surgery','surgery','surgery','30days_postop','30days_postop','30days_postop','C1D1','C1D1','C1D1','surgery','surgery','surgery','30days_postop','30days_postop','30days_postop')
)

# 修正后的绘图代码
library(ggplot2)

ggplot(median_score_df, aes(x = Arm, y = median_score, fill = time)) +
  # 堆叠箱线图，隐藏默认异常点（用散点代替）
  geom_boxplot(outlier.shape = NA, position = position_dodge(width = .75)) +
  # 添加受试者独特颜色的散点，与箱线对齐
  geom_point(aes(color = subject), position = position_dodge(width = .75), size = 3) +
  # 按受试者分组连线，与散点/箱线对齐，设置半透明避免遮挡
  geom_line(aes(group = subject, color = subject), position = position_dodge(width = .75), alpha = 0.6) +
  # 设置坐标轴及图例标签
  labs(x = "Arm", y = "score_to_test", fill = "时间点", color = "受试者") +
  # 可选：调整主题提升美观度
  theme_minimal()

关键修改说明 #

1. 散点独特颜色：在geom_point的aes中添加color = subject，让每个受试者的散点显示独特颜色。
2. 元素对齐：所有图层（箱线、散点、线条）统一使用position_dodge(width = .75)，保证同一时间分组的元素对齐。
3. 受试者连线：通过geom_line的aes中group = subject指定按受试者分组连线，同时继承color = subject让线条和散点颜色一致，用alpha降低线条透明度避免遮挡散点。
4. 图例优化：修改labs中的图例标题，明确区分时间点（填充色）和受试者（散点/线条颜色）的图例。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user23620911