Azure DevOps中.NET 5构建管道执行dotnet build时超时被取消

我在Azure DevOps中配置了一个用于构建.NET 5解决方案的构建管道，此前运行正常，但最近在构建阶段因超时失败，dotnet build命令出现卡顿。

构建日志 #

2024-03-18T10:53:27.4401495Z ##[section]Starting: Buid solution
2024-03-18T10:53:27.4525992Z ==============================================================================
2024-03-18T10:53:27.4526134Z Task         : .NET Core
2024-03-18T10:53:27.4526208Z Description  : Build, test, package, or publish a dotnet application, or run a custom dotnet command
2024-03-18T10:53:27.4526329Z Version      : 2.235.1
2024-03-18T10:53:27.4526385Z Author       : Microsoft Corporation
2024-03-18T10:53:27.4526457Z Help         : https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/devops/pipelines/tasks/build/dotnet-core-cli
2024-03-18T10:53:27.4526581Z ==============================================================================
2024-03-18T10:53:27.8552527Z [command]C:\Windows\system32\chcp.com 65001
2024-03-18T10:53:27.8655298Z Active code page: 65001
2024-03-18T10:53:27.8684055Z Info: .NET Core SDK/runtime 2.2 and 3.0 are now End of Life(EOL) and have been removed from all hosted agents. If you're using these SDK/runtimes on hosted agents, kindly upgrade to newer versions which are not EOL, or else use UseDotNet task to install the required version.
2024-03-18T10:53:28.3062787Z [command]C:\hostedtoolcache\windows\dotnet\dotnet.exe build D:\a\1\s\src\MES.CloudApplication.sln "-dl:CentralLogger,\"D:\a\_tasks\DotNetCoreCLI_5541a522-603c-47ad-91fc-a4b1d163081b\2.235.1\dotnet-build-helpers\Microsoft.TeamFoundation.DistributedTask.MSBuild.Logger.dll\"*ForwardingLogger,\"D:\a\_tasks\DotNetCoreCLI_5541a522-603c-47ad-91fc-a4b1d163081b\2.235.1\dotnet-build-helpers\Microsoft.TeamFoundation.DistributedTask.MSBuild.Logger.dll\""
2024-03-18T10:53:28.5921283Z Microsoft (R) Build Engine version 16.11.2+f32259642 for .NET
2024-03-18T10:53:28.5921873Z Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
2024-03-18T10:53:28.5922177Z 
2024-03-18T10:53:29.2303494Z   Determining projects to restore...
2024-03-18T10:53:30.1778985Z   Restored D:\a\1\s\tests\MES.CloudApplication.Infrastructure.Tests\MES.CloudApplication.Infrastructure.Tests.csproj (in 624 ms).
2024-03-18T10:53:30.1779760Z   Restored D:\a\1\s\tests\MES.CloudApplication.Application.Tests\MES.CloudApplication.Application.Tests.csproj (in 512 ms).
2024-03-18T10:53:30.2894980Z   Restored D:\a\1\s\src\MES.CloudApplication.Workflow\MES.CloudApplication.Workflow.csproj (in 83 ms).
2024-03-18T10:53:30.3039944Z   Restored D:\a\1\s\tests\MES.CloudApplication.Api.Tests\MES.CloudApplication.Api.Tests.csproj (in 99 ms).
2024-03-18T10:53:30.5759744Z   Restored D:\a\1\s\src\MES.CloudApplication.Printing\MES.CloudApplication.Printing.csproj (in 183 ms).
2024-03-18T10:53:30.5760975Z   Restored D:\a\1\s\src\MES.CloudApplication.Printing.Tests\MES.CloudApplication.Printing.Tests.csproj (in 235 ms).
2024-03-18T10:53:30.7334699Z   Restored D:\a\1\s\src\MES.CloudApplication.Integration\MES.CloudApplication.Integration.csproj (in 216 ms).
2024-03-18T10:53:30.7335992Z   Restored D:\a\1\s\src\MES.CloudApplication.Infrastructure\MES.CloudApplication.Infrastructure.csproj (in 54 ms).
2024-03-18T10:53:30.9119467Z   Restored D:\a\1\s\src\MES.CloudApplication.Domain\MES.CloudApplication.Domain.csproj (in 12 ms).
2024-03-18T10:53:30.9120408Z   Restored D:\a\1\s\src\MES.CloudApplication.Application\MES.CloudApplication.Application.csproj (in 175 ms).
2024-03-18T10:53:30.9720180Z   Restored D:\a\1\s\src\MES.CloudApplication.Api\MES.CloudApplication.Api.csproj (in 218 ms).
2024-03-18T10:53:34.4069633Z   MES.CloudApplication.Api.Tests -> D:\a\1\s\tests\MES.CloudApplication.Api.Tests\bin\Debug\net5.0\MES.CloudApplication.Api.Tests.dll
2024-03-18T10:53:34.5178908Z   MES.CloudApplication.Domain -> D:\a\1\s\src\MES.CloudApplication.Domain\bin\Debug\net5.0\MES.CloudApplication.Domain.dll
2024-03-18T11:50:15.0053211Z ##[error]The Operation will be canceled. The next steps may not contain expected logs.
2024-03-18T11:50:24.6110630Z ##[error]The operation was canceled.
2024-03-18T11:50:24.6418805Z ##[section]Finishing: Buid solution

当前管道配置 #

pool:
  vmImage: 'windows-latest'

variables:
  solution: '**/*.sln'
  buildPlatform: 'Any CPU'
  buildConfiguration: 'Release'

steps:
- task: UseDotNet@2
  inputs:
    version: '5.0.x'
    includePreviewVersions: true # Required for preview versions
  displayName: Install sdk

- task: DotNetCoreCLI@2
  displayName: 'dotnet restore'
  inputs:
    command: 'restore'
    projects: '**/*.csproj'
    feedsToUse: 'config'
    nugetConfigPath: 'NuGet.config'

- task: DotNetCoreCLI@2
  inputs:
    command: 'build'
    projects: '**/*.sln'
  displayName: Buid solution
- task: DotNetCoreCLI@2
  inputs:
    command: 'test'
    projects: '**/*Tests.csproj'
    arguments: '--configuration $(buildConfiguration) --no-build'
  displayName: Unit test

- task: DotNetCoreCLI@2
  inputs:
    command: 'publish'
    publishWebProjects: false
    projects: '**src/MES.CloudApplication.Api/*.csproj'
    arguments: '--configuration $(BuildConfiguration) --output $(Build.ArtifactStagingDirectory)'
    zipAfterPublish: true
  displayName: Publish artifacts

- task: PublishBuildArtifacts@1
  inputs:
    PathtoPublish: '$(Build.ArtifactStagingDirectory)'
    ArtifactName: 'drop'
  displayName: Copy artifacts

注：除Api项目外，所有项目均为.NET 5类库。

排查与解决建议 #

• 指定Release构建配置：当前build任务未指定构建配置，默认使用Debug模式构建。Debug模式包含更多调试符号和检查，会显著增加构建时间。修改build任务，添加arguments参数指定Release配置：

  - task: DotNetCoreCLI@2
    inputs:
      command: 'build'
      projects: '**/*.sln'
      arguments: '--configuration $(buildConfiguration)'
    displayName: Build solution
  

• 拆分构建任务：将解决方案中的类库和Api项目分开构建，避免单个dotnet build命令同时处理过多项目，减少资源竞争：

  - task: DotNetCoreCLI@2
    inputs:
      command: 'build'
      projects: '**/*.csproj'
      arguments: '--configuration $(buildConfiguration) --exclude **/MES.CloudApplication.Api.csproj'
    displayName: Build class libraries
  - task: DotNetCoreCLI@2
    inputs:
      command: 'build'
      projects: '**/MES.CloudApplication.Api.csproj'
      arguments: '--configuration $(buildConfiguration)'
    displayName: Build Api project
  

• 切换特定版本的托管代理：windows-latest镜像会自动更新，可能引入兼容性问题。尝试切换到固定版本的镜像（如windows-2022），保持环境稳定。
• 清理构建缓存：托管代理的NuGet缓存或构建输出可能存在损坏，添加清理步骤重置缓存：

  - task: CmdLine@2
    inputs:
      script: 'dotnet clean --configuration $(buildConfiguration) && dotnet nuget locals all --clear'
    displayName: Clean build cache and NuGet locals
  

• 检查自定义MSBuild任务：如果项目中包含自定义的MSBuild目标（如代码生成、静态分析），临时禁用这些任务，确认是否是此类操作导致构建卡顿。
• 排查依赖变更：确认最近是否新增或更新了NuGet包，某些包可能在构建时触发耗时操作，尝试回滚到之前正常版本的依赖进行测试。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Mustafa