AlmaLinux服务器调用Google API出现TimeoutError问题求助

错误信息 #

(venv) [perezegor@server bots]$ python main.py
^CTraceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/bots/main.py", line 57, in <module>
    data_from_sheet = read_sheet('Sheet1!A2:G')
  File "/home/bots/main.py", line 33, in read_sheet
    result = sheet.values().get(spreadsheetId=SPREADSHEET_ID, range=range_name).execute()
  File "/home/bots/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/googleapiclient/_helpers.py", line 130, in positional_wrapper
    return wrapped(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/bots/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/googleapiclient/http.py", line 923, in execute
    resp, content = _retry_request(
  File "/home/bots/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/googleapiclient/http.py", line 191, in _retry_request
    resp, content = http.request(uri, method, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/bots/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/google_auth_httplib2.py", line 209, in request
    self.credentials.before_request(self._request, method, uri, request_headers)
  File "/home/bots/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/google/auth/credentials.py", line 230, in before_request
    self._blocking_refresh(request)
  File "/home/bots/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/google/auth/credentials.py", line 193, in _blocking_refresh
    self.refresh(request)
  File "/home/bots/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/google/oauth2/service_account.py", line 445, in refresh
    access_token, expiry, _ = _client.jwt_grant(
  File "/home/bots/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/google/oauth2/_client.py", line 308, in jwt_grant
    response_data = _token_endpoint_request(
  File "/home/bots/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/google/oauth2/_client.py", line 268, in _token_endpoint_request
    response_status_ok, response_data, retryable_error = _token_endpoint_request_no_throw(
  File "/home/bots/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/google/oauth2/_client.py", line 215, in _token_endpoint_request_no_throw
    request_succeeded, response_data, retryable_error = _perform_request()
  File "/home/bots/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/google/oauth2/_client.py", line 191, in _perform_request
    response = request(
  File "/home/bots/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/google_auth_httplib2.py", line 119, in __call__
    response, data = self.http.request(
  File "/home/bots/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/httplib2/__init__.py", line 1724, in request
    (response, content) = self._request(
  File "/home/bots/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/httplib2/__init__.py", line 1444, in _request
    (response, content) = self._conn_request(conn, request_uri, method, body, headers)
  File "/home/bots/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/httplib2/__init__.py", line 1366, in _conn_request
    conn.connect()
  File "/home/bots/venv/lib/python3.10/site-packages/httplib2/__init__.py", line 1156, in connect
    sock.connect((self.host, self.port))
TimeoutError: [Errno 110] Connection timed out

问题代码 #

def read_sheet(range_name):
    try:
        SERVICE_ACCOUNT_FILE = 'service_account.json'
        SPREADSHEET_ID = ''
        logging.info(f"Reading data from sheet: {range_name}")

        creds = Credentials.from_service_account_file(
            SERVICE_ACCOUNT_FILE,
            scopes=["https://www.googleapis.com/auth/spreadsheets.readonly"],
        )
        service = build('sheets', 'v4', credentials=creds)
        sheet = service.spreadsheets()
        result = sheet.values().get(spreadsheetId=SPREADSHEET_ID, range=range_name).execute()
        return result.get('values', [])
    except Exception as e:
        logging.error(f"Error in read_sheet: {e}")
        raise

问题背景 #

上述Python代码用于连接Google API读取表格数据，在PyCharm及其他服务器上运行正常，但部署到AlmaLinux服务器时出现超时错误。已通过ping验证IPv4连通性正常，问题仍未解决。

排查与修复步骤 #

1. 检查HTTPS端口连通性 #

ping仅验证ICMP协议连通性，而Google API使用HTTPS（443端口），需用以下命令测试端口可达性：

# 测试Google令牌端点端口
telnet oauth2.googleapis.com 443
# 或使用nc工具
nc -zv oauth2.googleapis.com 443

若连接失败，说明服务器防火墙或网络策略阻断了443端口的出站请求，执行以下命令调整防火墙规则：

sudo firewall-cmd --add-service=https --permanent
sudo firewall-cmd --reload

2. 配置代理（若服务器需代理访问外网） #

如果服务器处于内网环境，需通过代理访问外部网络，可通过两种方式配置：

• 临时设置环境变量：

export HTTP_PROXY=http://你的代理地址:端口
export HTTPS_PROXY=http://你的代理地址:端口

• 在代码中直接配置代理：
  修改代码中构建service的部分，添加代理配置：

import httplib2

# 配置代理信息
http = httplib2.Http(proxy_info=httplib2.ProxyInfo(httplib2.socks.PROXY_TYPE_HTTP, '你的代理地址', 端口))
service = build('sheets', 'v4', credentials=creds, http=http)

3. 验证DNS解析 #

若DNS解析异常也会导致连接超时，手动解析Google API域名：

nslookup oauth2.googleapis.com
nslookup sheets.googleapis.com

若解析失败，修改服务器DNS配置，添加公共DNS：

echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" | sudo tee -a /etc/resolv.conf

4. 确认服务账号权限 #

确保AlmaLinux服务器上使用的service_account.json文件正确，且该服务账号已被添加到目标Google表格的共享列表中，权限设置为查看者即可。

5. 更换HTTP客户端库 #

httplib2在部分环境下存在兼容性问题，可替换为requests库配合google-auth使用：

from google.oauth2 import service_account
from googleapiclient.discovery import build
from googleapiclient.http import HttpRequest
import requests
from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter
from urllib3.util.retry import Retry

def read_sheet(range_name):
    try:
        SERVICE_ACCOUNT_FILE = 'service_account.json'
        SPREADSHEET_ID = ''
        logging.info(f"Reading data from sheet: {range_name}")

        creds = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_file(
            SERVICE_ACCOUNT_FILE,
            scopes=["https://www.googleapis.com/auth/spreadsheets.readonly"],
        )

        # 配置带重试机制的requests会话
        session = requests.Session()
        retry = Retry(total=3, backoff_factor=1, status_forcelist=[500, 502, 503, 504])
        adapter = HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retry)
        session.mount('https://', adapter)

        # 自定义HTTP请求方法
        def request(http, *args, **kwargs):
            response = session.request(*args, **kwargs)
            return response.status_code, response.text, response.headers

        service = build('sheets', 'v4', credentials=creds, requestBuilder=HttpRequest)
        sheet = service.spreadsheets()
        result = sheet.values().get(spreadsheetId=SPREADSHEET_ID, range=range_name).execute()
        return result.get('values', [])
    except Exception as e:
        logging.error(f"Error in read_sheet: {e}")
        raise

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者perezegor