安卓应用运行1个月后突发崩溃，疑版本问题，升级库未解决

安全阿岳

2026-6-27

安卓应用突发崩溃问题排查

问题背景

我开发的一款安卓应用正常运行1个月后，今日突然崩溃。应用设置了targetSdkVersion=30、minSdkVersion=16，怀疑是版本适配问题导致，请问这种可能性存在吗？

我已经尝试升级所有依赖库版本，但应用仍无法正常运行，所有Activity均报错。

主页面核心代码

package com.example.myapplication;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageInfo;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.widget.FrameLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.ActionBarDrawerToggle;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar;
import androidx.core.view.GravityCompat;
import androidx.drawerlayout.widget.DrawerLayout;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentTransaction;

import com.google.android.material.bottomnavigation.BottomNavigationView;
import com.google.android.material.navigation.NavigationView;
import com.google.firebase.auth.FirebaseAuth;
import com.google.firebase.auth.FirebaseUser;
import com.google.firebase.auth.UserInfo;
import com.google.firebase.database.DataSnapshot;
import com.google.firebase.database.DatabaseError;
import com.google.firebase.database.DatabaseReference;
import com.google.firebase.database.FirebaseDatabase;
import com.google.firebase.database.ValueEventListener;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;

public class first_home_page extends AppCompatActivity implements NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedListener {

    private BottomNavigationView bottomNavigationView;
    private FrameLayout frameLayout;

    private DashboardFragment dashboardFragment;
    private IncomeFragment incomeFragment;
    private ExpenseFragment expenseFragment;

    private FirebaseAuth mAuth;

    ArrayList<HashMap<String, Object>> items;
    PackageManager pm;
    List<PackageInfo> packs;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_first_home_page);

        Toolbar toolbar = findViewById(R.id.my_toolbar);
        toolbar.setTitle("Spendee");
        toolbar.setTitleTextColor(Color.BLACK);

        setSupportActionBar(toolbar);

        bottomNavigationView = findViewById(R.id.bottomNavigationbar);
        frameLayout = findViewById(R.id.main_frame);
        DrawerLayout drawerLayout = findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
        ActionBarDrawerToggle toggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle(
                this, drawerLayout, toolbar, R.string.navigation_drawer_open, R.string.navigation_drawer_close
        );
        drawerLayout.addDrawerListener(toggle);
        toggle.syncState();

        NavigationView navigationView = findViewById(R.id.naView);
        navigationView.setNavigationItemSelectedListener(this);

        dashboardFragment = new DashboardFragment();
        incomeFragment = new IncomeFragment();
        expenseFragment = new ExpenseFragment();
        setFragment(dashboardFragment);

        mAuth = FirebaseAuth.getInstance();
        FirebaseUser mUser = mAuth.getCurrentUser();
        String uid = mUser.getUid();
        DatabaseReference mUserInfoDatabase = FirebaseDatabase.getInstance().getReference().child("UserInfo").child(uid);
        ValueEventListener valueEventListener = new ValueEventListener() {
            @Override
            public void onDataChange(DataSnapshot dataSnapshot) {
                String userEmail = dataSnapshot.child("Email").getValue().toString();
                TextView email = findViewById(R.id.user_email);
                email.setText(userEmail);
            }

            @Override
            public void onCancelled(DatabaseError databaseError) {
            }
        };
        mUserInfoDatabase.addListenerForSingleValueEvent(valueEventListener);

        bottomNavigationView.setOnNavigationItemSelectedListener(new BottomNavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedListener() {
            @Override
            public boolean onNavigationItemSelected(@NonNull MenuItem item) {
                switch (item.getItemId()) {
                    case R.id.dashboard:
                        setFragment(dashboardFragment);
                        bottomNavigationView.setItemBackgroundResource(R.color.dashboard_color);
                        return true;

                    case R.id.income:
                        setFragment(incomeFragment);
                        bottomNavigationView.setItemBackgroundResource(R.color.income_color);
                        return true;

                    case R.id.income_search:
                        Intent intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), searchdata.class);
                        startActivity(intent);
                        bottomNavigationView.setItemBackgroundResource(R.color.expense_color);
                        return true;

                    case R.id.expense:
                        setFragment(expenseFragment);
                        bottomNavigationView.setItemBackgroundResource(R.color.expense_color);
                        return true;

                    case R.id.expense_search:
                        Intent intent1 = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), searchdata2.class);
                        startActivity(intent1);
                        bottomNavigationView.setItemBackgroundResource(R.color.expense_color);
                        return true;

                    default:
                        return false;

                }

            }
        });

        items = new ArrayList<HashMap<String, Object>>();
        pm = getPackageManager();
        packs = pm.getInstalledPackages(0);
        for (PackageInfo pi : packs) {
            HashMap<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
            map.put("appName", pi.applicationInfo.loadLabel(pm));
            map.put("packageName", pi.packageName);
            items.add(map);
        }

    }

    private void setFragment(Fragment fragment) {

        FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
        fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.main_frame, fragment);
        fragmentTransaction.commit();
    }

    @Override
    public void onBackPressed() {
        DrawerLayout drawerLayout = findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
        if (drawerLayout.isDrawerOpen(GravityCompat.END)) {
            drawerLayout.closeDrawer(GravityCompat.END);
        } else {
            super.onBackPressed();
        }

    }

    public void displaySelectedListener(int itemId) {
        Fragment fragment = null;
        switch (itemId) {
            case R.id.profile:
                Intent profile_intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), Profile.class);
                startActivity(profile_intent);
                break;

            case R.id.dashboard:
                fragment = new DashboardFragment();
                break;

            case R.id.income:
                fragment = new IncomeFragment();
                break;

            case R.id.search_income:
                Intent intent_inc = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), searchdata.class);
                startActivity(intent_inc);
                break;

            case R.id.expense:
                fragment = new ExpenseFragment();
                break;

            case R.id.search_expense:
                Intent intent_exp = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), searchdata2.class);
                startActivity(intent_exp);
                break;

            case R.id.income_tax_emi:
                Intent intent3 = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), inc_emi.class);
                startActivity(intent3);
                break;

            case R.id.calculator:
                int d = 0;
                if (items.size() >= 1) {
                    int j = 0;
                    for (j = 0; j < items.size(); j++) {
                        String AppName = (String) items.get(j).get("appName");
                        if (AppName.matches("Calculator")) {
                            d = j;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    String packageName = (String) items.get(d).get("packageName");

                    Intent i = pm.getLaunchIntentForPackage(packageName);
                    if (i != null) {
                        Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Opening Calculator..", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        startActivity(i);
                    } else {
                        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
                        intent.setData(Uri.parse("https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sec.android.app.popupcalculator"));
                        startActivity(intent);
                    }
                } else {
                    Intent intent1 = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
                    intent1.setData(Uri.parse("https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sec.android.app.popupcalculator"));
                    startActivity(intent1);
                }
                break;

            case R.id.feedback:
                Intent intent2 = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), feedback.class);
                startActivity(intent2);
                break;

            case R.id.about:
                Intent intent4 = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), about.class);
                startActivity(intent4);
                break;

            case R.id.logout:
                AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(first_home_page.this);
                builder.setTitle("Logout");
                builder.setMessage("Do you really want to Logout?");
                builder.setPositiveButton("YES", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        finishAffinity();
                        startActivity(new Intent(getApplicationContext(), home_screen.class));
                    }
                });
                builder.setNegativeButton("NO", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                        dialog.dismiss();
                    }
                });
                builder.show();
                break;
        }
        if (fragment != null) {
            FragmentTransaction ft = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
            ft.replace(R.id.main_frame, fragment);
            ft.commit();
        }

        DrawerLayout drawerLayout = findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
        drawerLayout.closeDrawer(GravityCompat.START);
    }

    public boolean onNavigationItemSelected(@NonNull MenuItem item) {
        displaySelectedListener(item.getItemId());
        return true;
    }
}

报错信息

崩溃抛出java.lang.SecurityException: Package com.example.myapplication does not have permission to query all packages异常。

问题分析与解决方案

版本适配问题的可能性

确实是版本适配问题导致的崩溃。应用targetSdkVersion=30对应Android 11，该系统版本对应用查询已安装应用列表的行为做了严格限制：

不再允许无限制调用getInstalledPackages()获取所有已安装应用信息；
必须声明对应权限或使用queries标签指定需要交互的应用。

具体解决方法

代码中onCreate方法调用了pm.getInstalledPackages(0)获取所有已安装应用，这在Android 11环境下触发了权限异常，可通过以下两种方式修复：

添加QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES权限（简单直接）
在AndroidManifest.xml中添加权限声明：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.QUERY_ALL_PACKAGES"
    tools:ignore="QueryAllPackagesPermission" />

注意：应用上架Google Play时，需说明使用该权限的必要性，否则可能被拒审。

使用queries标签精确指定需要交互的应用（推荐）
如果仅需调用系统计算器，无需获取所有应用列表，可在AndroidManifest.xml中添加queries标签，仅声明需要访问的应用：

<queries>
    <package android:name="com.sec.android.app.popupcalculator" />
    <intent>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
        <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
    </intent>
</queries>

同时修改计算器启动逻辑，避免遍历所有应用：

case R.id.calculator:
    Intent calculatorIntent = pm.getLaunchIntentForPackage("com.sec.android.app.popupcalculator");
    if (calculatorIntent != null) {
        Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Opening Calculator..", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        startActivity(calculatorIntent);
    } else {
        Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
        intent.setData(Uri.parse("https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sec.android.app.popupcalculator"));
        startActivity(intent);
    }
    break;

额外说明

应用之前正常运行、现在突然崩溃，可能是有用户将设备系统升级到Android 11，或是应用首次在Android 11设备上启动触发了该权限问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Niraj Bhadani

安卓应用运行1个月后突发崩溃，疑版本问题，升级库未解决

问题背景 #

主页面核心代码 #

报错信息 #

问题分析与解决方案 #

版本适配问题的可能性 #

具体解决方法 #

额外说明 #