Windows系统下Docker构建出现exit code 100错误的解决求助

你的问题和Windows系统无关，核心是node:8基础镜像基于的Debian Stretch版本已停止官方支持，原有的apt源地址已失效，导致执行apt-get update时返回404错误。

方案1：适配现有node:8（替换归档源） #

修改Dockerfile，先将apt源替换为Debian归档服务器，再合并安装命令减少镜像层数：

FROM node:8

# 替换为Debian Stretch归档源
RUN echo "deb http://archive.debian.org/debian stretch main contrib non-free" > /etc/apt/sources.list && \
    echo "deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-security stretch/updates main contrib non-free" >> /etc/apt/sources.list && \
    # 批量安装所有依赖
    apt-get update && apt-get -q -y install \
    libleptonica-dev \
    libtesseract3 \
    libtesseract-dev \
    tesseract-ocr \
    tesseract-ocr-hin tesseract-ocr-ara tesseract-ocr-fra tesseract-ocr-fin tesseract-ocr-jpn tesseract-ocr-pol tesseract-ocr-spa tesseract-ocr-rus tesseract-ocr-ita tesseract-ocr-por tesseract-ocr-kor tesseract-ocr-ces tesseract-ocr-dan tesseract-ocr-deu tesseract-ocr-nld tesseract-ocr-swe tesseract-ocr-tur \
    git \
    gcc && \
    # 清理缓存减小镜像体积
    apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

COPY app.js .
COPY package.json .
COPY .env .
RUN npm install
EXPOSE 3000
CMD node app.js

方案2：升级Node.js版本（推荐） #

node:8是已停止维护的老旧版本，建议升级到受支持的版本（如node:16，基于Debian Bullseye，源正常维护），同时注意依赖包版本变化：

FROM node:16

RUN apt-get update && apt-get -q -y install \
    libleptonica-dev \
    libtesseract5 \
    libtesseract-dev \
    tesseract-ocr \
    tesseract-ocr-hin tesseract-ocr-ara tesseract-ocr-fra tesseract-ocr-fin tesseract-ocr-jpn tesseract-ocr-pol tesseract-ocr-spa tesseract-ocr-rus tesseract-ocr-ita tesseract-ocr-por tesseract-ocr-kor tesseract-ocr-ces tesseract-ocr-dan tesseract-ocr-deu tesseract-ocr-nld tesseract-ocr-swe tesseract-ocr-tur \
    git \
    gcc && \
    apt-get clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

COPY app.js .
COPY package.json .
COPY .env .
RUN npm install
EXPOSE 3000
CMD node app.js

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Bùi Minh Đức