Docker Compose下Node.js(TypeORM)无法连接PostgreSQL

问题描述 #

编写docker-compose文件连接Node.js（TypeORM）后端与PostgreSQL数据库时，出现connect ECONNREFUSED 127.0.0.1:5432错误。单独运行容器正常，但通过docker-compose服务名连接时失败，使用版本：docker compose 2.24.6、docker 26.0.0。

相关配置文件 #

Node.js Dockerfile #

FROM node:alpine
WORKDIR /usr/app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm install
COPY . .
EXPOSE 3000
CMD npm start

TypeORM data-source.ts #

export const AppDataSource = new DataSource({
    type: "postgres",
    host: "db",
    port: 5432,
    username: "admin",
    password: "mysecretpassword",
    database: "taskmanagerdb",
    synchronize: true,
    logging: false,
    entities: [User, Task, Category],
    migrations: [],
    subscribers: [],
})

docker-compose.yml #

services:
  db:
    image: postgres
    volumes:
      - ./data/db:/var/lib/postgresql/data
    environment:
      - POSTGRES_DB=taskmanagerdb
      - POSTGRES_USER=admin
      - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=mysecretpassword
    ports:
      - "5432:5432"
  server:
    build: .
    ports:
      - "3000:3000"
    depends_on:
      - db
    environment:
      - PGHOST=db

package.json #

{
   "name": "TaskManager",
   "version": "0.0.1",
   "description": "Awesome project developed with TypeORM.",
   "devDependencies": {
      "@types/express": "^4.17.21",
      "@types/node": "^16.11.10",
      "ts-node": "10.9.1",
      "typescript": "4.5.2"
   },
   "dependencies": {
      "class-transformer": "^0.5.1",
      "class-validator": "^0.14.1",
      "express": "^4.19.2",
      "pg": "^8.4.0",
      "reflect-metadata": "^0.1.13",
      "typeorm": "0.3.20"
   },
   "scripts": {
      "start": "ts-node src/main.ts",
      "typeorm": "typeorm-ts-node-commonjs"
   }
}

错误日志 #

[+] Running 3/3
 ✔ Network myproject_default     Created                                                         0.0s 
 ✔ Container myproject-db-1      Created                                                         0.0s 
 ✔ Container myproject-server-1  Created                                                         0.0s 
Attaching to db-1, server-1
db-1      | 
db-1      | PostgreSQL Database directory appears to contain a database; Skipping initialization
db-1      | 
db-1      | 2024-03-30 00:39:29.465 UTC [1] LOG:  starting PostgreSQL 16.2 (Debian 16.2-1.pgdg120+2) on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc (Debian 12.2.0-14) 12.2.0, 64-bit
db-1      | 2024-03-30 00:39:29.465 UTC [1] LOG:  listening on IPv4 address "0.0.0.0", port 5432
db-1      | 2024-03-30 00:39:29.465 UTC [1] LOG:  listening on IPv6 address "::", port 5432
db-1      | 2024-03-30 00:39:29.476 UTC [1] LOG:  listening on Unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"
db-1      | 2024-03-30 00:39:29.489 UTC [29] LOG:  database system was shut down at 2024-03-30 00:39:17 UTC
db-1      | 2024-03-30 00:39:29.497 UTC [1] LOG:  database system is ready to accept connections
server-1  | 
server-1  | > TaskManager@0.0.1 start
server-1  | > ts-node src/main.ts
server-1  | 
server-1  | Error: connect ECONNREFUSED 127.0.0.1:5432
server-1  |     at TCPConnectWrap.afterConnect [as oncomplete] (node:net:1605:16) {
server-1  |   errno: -111,
server-1  |   code: 'ECONNREFUSED',
server-1  |   syscall: 'connect',
server-1  |   address: '127.0.0.1',
server-1  |   port: 5432
server-1  | }
server-1 exited with code 0

解决方案 #

1. 确保数据库完全就绪后启动后端 #

depends_on仅保证容器启动顺序，不确保PostgreSQL服务已完全可用。需要给数据库添加健康检查，让后端等待数据库就绪后再启动：

修改docker-compose.yml的db服务，添加健康检查：

db:
  image: postgres
  volumes:
    - ./data/db:/var/lib/postgresql/data
  environment:
    - POSTGRES_DB=taskmanagerdb
    - POSTGRES_USER=admin
    - POSTGRES_PASSWORD=mysecretpassword
  ports:
    - "5432:5432"
  healthcheck:
    test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U admin -d taskmanagerdb"]
    interval: 5s
    timeout: 5s
    retries: 5

同时修改server服务的depends_on，依赖数据库的健康检查通过：

server:
  build: .
  ports:
    - "3000:3000"
  depends_on:
    db:
      condition: service_healthy
  environment:
    - PGHOST=db

2. 统一配置来源，避免覆盖 #

虽然data-source.ts中指定了host: "db"，但可能存在环境变量或其他配置覆盖的情况。建议将TypeORM配置改为从环境变量读取，确保一致性：

修改data-source.ts：

export const AppDataSource = new DataSource({
    type: "postgres",
    host: process.env.PGHOST || "db",
    port: parseInt(process.env.PGPORT || "5432"),
    username: process.env.PGUSER || "admin",
    password: process.env.PGPASSWORD || "mysecretpassword",
    database: process.env.PGDATABASE || "taskmanagerdb",
    synchronize: true,
    logging: false,
    entities: [User, Task, Category],
    migrations: [],
    subscribers: [],
})

在docker-compose.yml的server服务中补充完整环境变量：

environment:
  - PGHOST=db
  - PGPORT=5432
  - PGUSER=admin
  - PGPASSWORD=mysecretpassword
  - PGDATABASE=taskmanagerdb

3. 排查网络连通性 #

如果上述步骤无效，可进入后端容器测试与数据库服务的连通性：

# 测试ping连通性
docker exec -it myproject-server-1 ping db
# 测试端口是否开放
docker exec -it myproject-server-1 nc -zv db 5432

若网络不通，检查docker-compose默认网络是否正常，或手动指定网络确保服务在同一网络下。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者KauanRossi