Flutter集成games_services包后Android模拟器运行失败：JVM兼容性不一致

错误信息 #

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':games_services:compileDebugKotlin'.
> Inconsistent JVM-target compatibility detected for tasks 'compileDebugJavaWithJavac' (1.8) and 'compileDebugKotlin' (17).

我的配置文件 #

android/build.gradle #

buildscript {
    ext.kotlin_version = '1.9.23'
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }

    dependencies {
        classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version"
        classpath 'com.google.gms:google-services:4.4.1'
        classpath 'com.google.firebase:firebase-crashlytics-gradle:2.9.9'
    }
}


allprojects {
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }
}

rootProject.buildDir = '../build'
subprojects {
    project.buildDir = "${rootProject.buildDir}/${project.name}"
}
subprojects {
    project.evaluationDependsOn(':app')
}

tasks.register("clean", Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

android/app/build.gradle #

plugins {
    id "com.android.application"
    id "kotlin-android"
    id "dev.flutter.flutter-gradle-plugin"
    id 'com.google.gms.google-services'
}

//....

compileOptions {
  sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
  targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
}

kotlinOptions {
  jvmTarget = '1.8'
}
//...

settings.gradle #

pluginManagement {
    def flutterSdkPath = {
        def properties = new Properties()
        file("local.properties").withInputStream { properties.load(it) }
        def flutterSdkPath = properties.getProperty("flutter.sdk")
        assert flutterSdkPath != null, "flutter.sdk not set in local.properties"
        return flutterSdkPath
    }
    settings.ext.flutterSdkPath = flutterSdkPath()

    includeBuild("${settings.ext.flutterSdkPath}/packages/flutter_tools/gradle")

    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
        gradlePluginPortal()
    }

    plugins {
        id "dev.flutter.flutter-gradle-plugin" version "1.0.0" apply false
    }
}

plugins {
    id "dev.flutter.flutter-plugin-loader" version "1.0.0"
    id "com.android.application" version '8.3.1' apply false
}

include ":app"

gradle.properties #

org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xmx4G
android.useAndroidX=true
android.enableJetifier=true

gradle-wrapper.properties #

distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
distributionPath=wrapper/dists
zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
zipStorePath=wrapper/dists
distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.4-bin.zip

解决方法 #

错误原因是games_services模块的Kotlin编译JVM目标版本为17，而应用模块使用的是1.8，导致版本不一致。可通过以下两种方式解决：

方式一：统一所有子项目为JVM 1.8 #

修改android/build.gradle中的subprojects块，添加编译配置强制所有子项目使用JVM 1.8：

subprojects {
    project.evaluationDependsOn(':app')
    afterEvaluate {
        if (project.hasProperty('android')) {
            android {
                compileOptions {
                    sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
                    targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
                }
                kotlinOptions {
                    jvmTarget = '1.8'
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

方式二：升级应用到JVM 17（推荐，适配新版本Kotlin） #

1. 修改android/app/build.gradle中的编译配置：

compileOptions {
  sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_17
  targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_17
}

kotlinOptions {
  jvmTarget = '17'
}

2. 在android/build.gradle的subprojects块中统一配置：

subprojects {
    project.evaluationDependsOn(':app')
    afterEvaluate {
        if (project.hasProperty('android')) {
            android {
                compileOptions {
                    sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_17
                    targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_17
                }
                kotlinOptions {
                    jvmTarget = '17'
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

注意：升级到JVM 17需确保开发环境安装了JDK 17，当前使用的Gradle 8.4已支持JDK 17。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者mafortis