Python3.11运行pytest报错KeyError:'__spec__'及AttributeError求助

问题背景 #

在PyCharm及命令行中执行Python仓库的pytest测试时均出现相同错误，当前使用Python 3.11解释器。

报错信息 #

/usr/local/bin/python3.11 /Applications/PyCharm.app/Contents/plugins/python/helpers/pycharm/_jb_pytest_runner.py --path /Users/shannonj/Downloads/requests-master/tests 
Testing started at 1:38 AM ...
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/py/_vendored_packages/apipkg.py", line 141, in __makeattr
    modpath, attrname = self.__map__[name]
                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^
KeyError: '__spec__'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Applications/PyCharm.app/Contents/plugins/python/helpers/pycharm/_jb_pytest_runner.py", line 5, in <module>
    import pytest
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pytest/__init__.py", line 5, in <module>
    from _pytest.assertion import register_assert_rewrite
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/_pytest/assertion/__init__.py", line 9, in <module>
    from _pytest.assertion import rewrite
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/_pytest/assertion/rewrite.py", line 34, in <module>
    from _pytest.assertion import util
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/_pytest/assertion/util.py", line 13, in <module>
    import _pytest._code
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/_pytest/_code/__init__.py", line 2, in <module>
    from .code import Code
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/_pytest/_code/code.py", line 54, in <module>
    class Code:
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/_pytest/_code/code.py", line 81, in Code
    def path(self) -> Union[py.path.local, str]:
                            ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/py/_vendored_packages/apipkg.py", line 148, in __makeattr
    result = importobj(modpath, attrname)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/py/_vendored_packages/apipkg.py", line 69, in importobj
    module = __import__(modpath, None, None, ['__doc__'])
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1176, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1136, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/py/_vendored_packages/apipkg.py", line 146, in __makeattr
    raise AttributeError(name)
AttributeError: __spec__

Process finished with exit code 1

Empty suite

仓库依赖版本 #

alabaster==0.7.7
Babel==2.2.0
coverage==5.0.3
decorator==4.0.9
docutils==0.12
Flask==0.10.1
httpbin==0.5.0
itsdangerous==0.24
Jinja2==2.10.3
MarkupSafe==1.1.0
pluggy==0.13.0
py==1.8.2
Pygments==2.1.1
PySocks==1.7.0
pytest-cov==2.4.0
pytest-httpbin==0.2.0
pytest-mock==0.11.0
pytest==6.2.5
pytz==2015.7
six==1.10.0
snowballstemmer==1.2.1
sphinx-rtd-theme==0.1.9
Sphinx==1.3.5
urllib3==1.26.7
Werkzeug==0.11.4
wheel==0.29.0

已尝试操作及顾虑 #

• 猜测需使用旧版本Python，但仅安装了Python 3.11和3.12.2，担心安装旧版本破坏默认环境，且不确定是否有效
• 尝试更新py包至1.10版本，引发其他包连锁更新需求

解决建议 #

1. 使用虚拟环境隔离旧版本Python #

无需修改系统默认环境，通过工具创建独立虚拟环境安装兼容的Python版本：

• 安装pyenv（macOS执行brew install pyenv，其他系统参考对应安装方式）
• 安装pytest 6.2.5支持的最高Python版本3.10.x：pyenv install 3.10.12
• 在仓库目录下设置局部Python版本：pyenv local 3.10.12
• 创建并激活虚拟环境：python -m venv venv，然后执行source venv/bin/activate（macOS/Linux）或venv\Scripts\activate（Windows）
• 重新安装所有依赖：pip install -r requirements.txt，之后再执行测试

2. 适配现有Python版本的依赖调整 #

若不想安装旧Python，可尝试调整依赖版本：

• 先卸载现有py和pytest：pip uninstall py pytest
• 安装兼容Python 3.11的pytest（至少7.0以上）及对应py包：pip install pytest>=7.0 py>=1.11.0
• 检查其他依赖兼容性，若出现冲突，逐一升级冲突包到支持Python 3.11的版本（如Flask、Jinja2等）

3. 临时绕过apipkg的__spec__问题 #

若上述方法暂时无法实施，可临时修改apipkg.py文件（仅作临时测试，不推荐长期使用）：

• 找到路径/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/py/_vendored_packages/apipkg.py
• 在__makeattr方法中，捕获AttributeError时，若name为__spec__，返回None或空对象

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Shisui