Android 8.0+存储权限申请及onRequestPermissionsResult替代方案求助

一、存储权限版本适配说明 #

• Android 8.0-9.0（API26-28）：仍需申请WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE权限，逻辑与低版本一致。
• Android 10（API29）：默认启用分区存储，若仅需读取相册图片，使用ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT或MediaStore查询无需申请存储权限；若必须写入公共目录，需在Manifest中添加android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true"（仅API29有效）。
• Android 11+（API30+）：
  • 读取媒体文件（图片/视频/音频）：API33+用READ_MEDIA_IMAGES/READ_MEDIA_VIDEO/READ_MEDIA_AUDIO，API30-32用READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE。
  • 写入公共目录或管理所有文件：需申请MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE权限，且需引导用户跳转到系统设置页面授权（普通相册选图场景无需此权限）。

二、替换废弃的onRequestPermissionsResult() #

使用registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.RequestMultiplePermissions())处理权限请求，无需依赖请求码，逻辑更清晰。

完整代码示例 #

import android.Manifest
import android.content.pm.PackageManager
import android.os.Build
import android.widget.Toast
import androidx.activity.result.contract.ActivityResultContracts
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat

class ScannerActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    // 相机+存储权限请求Launcher（按SDK版本适配权限）
    private val combinedPermissionLauncher = registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.RequestMultiplePermissions()) { permissions ->
        val cameraGranted = permissions[Manifest.permission.CAMERA] ?: false
        val storageGranted = getStoragePermissionGrantedStatus(permissions)

        when {
            cameraGranted && storageGranted -> pickImageCamera()
            cameraGranted -> {
                showToast("需要存储权限以访问相册")
                requestStoragePermission()
            }
            storageGranted -> {
                showToast("需要相机权限以扫描二维码")
                requestCameraPermission()
            }
            else -> showToast("相机和存储权限均为必需")
        }
    }

    // 单独存储权限请求Launcher
    private val storagePermissionLauncher = registerForActivityResult(ActivityResultContracts.RequestMultiplePermissions()) { permissions ->
        if (getStoragePermissionGrantedStatus(permissions)) {
            pickImageGallery()
        } else {
            showToast("需要存储权限以访问相册")
        }
    }

    // 判断存储权限是否通过
    private fun getStoragePermissionGrantedStatus(permissions: Map<String, Boolean>): Boolean {
        return when {
            Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU -> {
                permissions[Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES] ?: false
            }
            Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q -> {
                permissions[Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE] ?: false
            }
            else -> {
                permissions[Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE] ?: false
            }
        }
    }

    // 检查相机权限
    private fun checkCameraPermission(): Boolean {
        return ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CAMERA) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
    }

    // 检查存储权限（按SDK版本适配）
    private fun checkStoragePermission(): Boolean {
        return when {
            Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU -> {
                ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
            }
            Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q -> {
                ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
            }
            else -> {
                ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
            }
        }
    }

    // 请求相机+存储权限
    private fun requestCameraAndStoragePermission() {
        val permissions = getCombinedPermissions()
        combinedPermissionLauncher.launch(permissions)
    }

    // 单独请求存储权限
    private fun requestStoragePermission() {
        val permissions = getStoragePermissions()
        storagePermissionLauncher.launch(permissions)
    }

    // 单独请求相机权限
    private fun requestCameraPermission() {
        combinedPermissionLauncher.launch(arrayOf(Manifest.permission.CAMERA))
    }

    // 获取相机+存储权限数组（按SDK版本适配）
    private fun getCombinedPermissions(): Array<String> {
        return when {
            Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU -> {
                arrayOf(Manifest.permission.CAMERA, Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES)
            }
            Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q -> {
                arrayOf(Manifest.permission.CAMERA, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
            }
            else -> {
                arrayOf(Manifest.permission.CAMERA, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
            }
        }
    }

    // 获取存储权限数组（按SDK版本适配）
    private fun getStoragePermissions(): Array<String> {
        return when {
            Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU -> {
                arrayOf(Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES)
            }
            Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q -> {
                arrayOf(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
            }
            else -> {
                arrayOf(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
            }
        }
    }

    // 原有相机操作逻辑
    private fun pickImageCamera() {
        // 你的相机启动代码
    }

    // 原有相册操作逻辑
    private fun pickImageGallery() {
        // 你的相册启动代码
    }

    private fun showToast(message: String) {
        Toast.makeText(this, message, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
    }
}

三、关键注意事项 #

• Manifest配置：
  • API33+添加<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES" />
  • API30-32添加<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
  • API29及以下添加<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
  • API29需写入公共目录时，添加<application android:requestLegacyExternalStorage="true">
• 权限申请时机：在用户触发对应操作（如点击"从相册选图"）时再申请权限，避免提前弹窗影响体验。
• 拒绝权限处理：若用户拒绝权限并勾选"不再询问"，需引导用户到应用设置页手动开启，可通过Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS).setData(Uri.fromParts("package", packageName, null))跳转。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user23968783