如何通过单次Axios请求实现基于my_id的Django REST Framework数据更新？

我使用Django REST Framework进行后端开发，前端通过Axios与后端做数据交互。目前的实现逻辑是先通过my_id查询获取用户的id，再用该id发送PATCH请求更新数据，代码如下：

axios.get(`http://localhost:8010/api/myusers/?my_id=${my_id}`).then((res)=>{
  var id = res['data']['results'][0]['id'];
  axios.patch(`http://localhost:8010/api/myusers/${id}/`, {
      phone: 'nice phone',
  }).then((res)=>{
    console.log("patch finish");
  })
})

这种方式需要两次请求，流程繁琐。我尝试直接通过查询参数my_id发送PATCH请求，却收到405 Method not allowed错误：

axios.patch(`http://localhost:8010/api/myusers/?my_id=${my_id}`, {
  phone: 'nice phone2',
}).then((res)=>{
  console.log("patch finish");
})

后端使用DRF和django-filter的配置如下：

class MyUserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = sm.MyUser.objects.all()
    serializer_class = sl.MyUserSerializer
    filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend]
    search_fields = ['my_id']
    filterset_fields = ['my_id']

class MyUserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = sm.MyUser
        fields = ('my_id','phone','id','created_at')

想实现单次请求完成数据更新，该怎么做？

方法一：自定义ViewSet动作 #

在MyUserViewSet中新增一个专门处理my_id更新的自定义PATCH动作：

from rest_framework.decorators import action
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import status

class MyUserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = sm.MyUser.objects.all()
    serializer_class = sl.MyUserSerializer
    filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend]
    search_fields = ['my_id']
    filterset_fields = ['my_id']

    @action(detail=False, methods=['patch'], url_path='update-by-my-id')
    def update_by_my_id(self, request):
        my_id = request.query_params.get('my_id')
        if not my_id:
            return Response({'error': 'my_id参数必填'}, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
        
        try:
            user = self.queryset.get(my_id=my_id)
        except sm.MyUser.DoesNotExist:
            return Response({'error': '用户不存在'}, status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
        
        serializer = self.get_serializer(user, data=request.data, partial=True)
        serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        serializer.save()
        return Response(serializer.data)

前端请求修改为：

axios.patch(`http://localhost:8010/api/myusers/update-by-my-id/?my_id=${my_id}`, {
  phone: 'nice phone2',
}).then((res)=>{
  console.log("patch finish");
})

方法二：将my_id设为详情路由参数 #

如果my_id在数据库中是唯一值，可以直接修改ViewSet的路由匹配规则，用my_id替代默认的id作为详情标识：

class MyUserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = sm.MyUser.objects.all()
    serializer_class = sl.MyUserSerializer
    filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend]
    search_fields = ['my_id']
    filterset_fields = ['my_id']
    lookup_field = 'my_id'  # 替换默认的id为my_id

前端直接用my_id作为路径参数发送请求：

axios.patch(`http://localhost:8010/api/myusers/${my_id}/`, {
  phone: 'nice phone2',
}).then((res)=>{
  console.log("patch finish");
})

注意：此方法要求my_id必须唯一，否则会因匹配到多个用户而报错；若my_id不唯一，优先选用方法一。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者whitebear